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p.1 R A Z A - Q U R B A N A
(SLIBhA)
DENAHA - 2000.
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p.2 CONTENTS Pages
Abbreviated References to Text of Raza 4
Taksa d-Raze: Order of Raza 5-6
Instruction on Raza-Qurbana & Qudasha daShlihe 7-18
Preparation for Qurbana & Prayers at Vesting 19-26
Taksa-Order of Raza - Qurbana: 27-62
Praise and worship (n.2-13) 27-36
Word of God Proclaimed (n.14-27) 36-45
Intercession-Intentions Announced (n.28-32) 45-51
Blessing, Dismissal, Siamida (n.33-35) 51-53
Anthems of Mysteries, Prostration (n.36-39) 54-57
Creed, Karozuha, Entrance, Request (n.40-43) 57-62
Qudasha daShlihe: Anaphora of the Apostles:
Kushapa, Ba’utha, Gehanta & Qanona (n.44-45) 62-64
Peace, Diptychs, Karozutha, Kushapa (n.46-49) 64-69
Qanone, Kushapa, Gehanta-1 & Qanona (n.50-52) 70-71
Kushapa, Gehanta-2 & Qanona (n.53-54) 71-74
Kushapa, Gehanta-3, Melle & Qanona (n.55-56) 74-78
Taksa d-Rushma wad-Qasya: Order of Consignation & Fraction:
Kushapa, Mazmore-Psalms 51 & 122 (n.60-61) 79-80
Incensing, Breaking & Signing (n.62-64) 80-85
Karozutha for Reconciliation, Prayers (n.65-67) 85-88
Our Father, Peace, Holy Things (n.68-69) 88-90
D-hilat, Unaya dBem: Hymns of Communion (n.70-72) 90-93
Teshbohta: Praises & Thanks, Our Father (n.73-76) 93-95
Huttama: Sealing-Blessing, Ending Rites (n.77-79) 95-108
Qudasha-Anaphora of Mar Theodoros (n.57) 109-114
Qudasha-Anaphora of Mar Nestoris (n.58) 115-126
Propria of Qurbana (Raza) for Feasts (n.80-89) 127-130
Marmitha, Aqaptha & Unaya for Sundays (n.81) 127-158
Qanona D-hilat for Feasts& Unaya dBem (n.88) 159-165
East Syrian Liturgical Calendar (n.90-99) 166-189
HUDRA for Sundays & Feasts: Ps & Readings (n.91) 167-174
GAZZA for Feasts & Memoria-s of Saints (n.92) 175-176
NAME of Feasts & Saints with Reference (n.93) 177
Epistles & Gospels for the Seasonal Days (n.94) 178
DATE of Feasts & Saints with Reference (n.95) 180-182
Feasts of Jesus and Mary (.95.5 /n.99) 182
West Syrian, Orthodox, Roman Calendars (n.96-98) 183-187
p.3 R A Z A
(SLIBhA)
Q U R B A N A
Prepared by
Fr George Appassery,
.
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p.4 ABBREVIATED REFERENCES
B Brightman, LEW= Liturgies Eastern and Western,
E Hudra MS of Mar Esa’ya in
EO Expositio Officiorum... George of Arbel,
EK Enkiridion dKahane: ed. G.Valiyaveettil, Verapoly 1881, 832pp
F-Q Fabian TOCD, Qurbana’s Commentary, Mannanam 1953, pp.328.
H-IL Hanssens JM, Institutiones Liturgicae de Ritibus Orientalium t.2.
HQ Holy Qurbana: Pavitr-Balidan, Satna 1970, 198pp. Propria 124
J Mar Joseph’s Taksa: Vat.Sir.66 (MS of 1564), 136ff; 101-111.
K Kalapura’s Tukasa, Puthenpally 1907, 66pp: TQR pp.26-62.
K-RE Raza-English, tr. A.Kalapura, Puthenpally 1924, 131pp.
K-RM Raza-Malayalam, tr. A.Kalapura, Puthenpally 1923, 122pp.
KTK Kthabha d-Taksa d-Kumraye (Pontifical),
L Liturgia Siro-Malabaresi, Roma 1955, 98pp.
L-F Liturgia, Fabian: Slihanmarude Qurbana, Mannanam, 1954.
LM Liturgia Malabarico-Menesiana in Raulin,
LP Liturgia: Prasiddharadhana, Elthuruth 1897, Part 2:1-105;
LP-2 — 2nd ed. Trichur 1906, Part 2:1-77; tr.Joseph George TOCD
M Missa (9ff) A.Gouvea,
MC Missel Chaldeen,
MP Maronite Anaphora of St Peter: Macomber, OCP 37 (1971) 55-84.
NR Neqpayatha dRaze...
PE Prex Eucharistica, ed. A.Haenggi-I.Pahl, Fribourg 1968 513pp.
P-NR Placid TOCD, Nammude Rittu, Mannanam 1943 & 1951 218pp.
P-SM Syriac Mass, tr. John Palocaren, Trichinopoly 1917, 69pp.
Pk-BL Pathikulangara V., CMI, Bless the Lord, KTM 1996, 335pp.
Pk-CY Pathikulangara, The Crown of the Year, 2 vols, KTM 1997.
Pk-Q Pathikulangara, Qurbana,
QR Qurbana & Raza of Bp.Roz, MS in Mannanam, 68pp; TQR 53-68.
QS/QST Qudasa daSlihe Tubhane: TKQ/OCM,
QS1
QS2 Puthenpally 1904/6, 56/68pp (TQR 57-63) after p.152/224.
QS3 Mannanam 1928, 64pp (TQR 53-58) after p.304; Taksa 591pp.
QS-L QS in Syriac & Latin by Pareparambil, Puthenpally 1912, 67pp.
RE Raza-English in 1986, 71pp/ in 1989, 62pp.
SM Supplementum Mysteriorum (Latin of NR), Romae 1960, 8+268pp.
TK Taksa dKahane d’Edta dMadanahaye... ed. J.Kelaita,
TK-E Engl. Liturgy of Holy Apostles Adai and Mari... TCR 1967, 218pp
TKQ Taksa Kaldaya dQudasa...
TQ Taksa dQudase, Aluva 1960, 62pp; ed.1965 & 1967, pp.3-64.
TQQ Taksa dQudase dQurbana wad‘Amada, Urmiae 1890, 170pp.
TQR Taksa dQurab Raze: cf QR 59-68; QS 46-52; QS2:57-63; K 26-62
TQR-1 Mannanam 1893? pp.1-67+ 67-82. TQR-2 (1905) pp.64+65-75+76-80/92.
TQT Taksa dQudase, Trichur 1959: 1Q 38-64; 2Q 108-137; 3Q 138-82
TQYE Tumsa daQleros lYuthrana d’Edtanaye, by A.Kalapura (= K-TQ),
Puthenpally 1907: TQR-3 in pp.97-244 +245-49, 250-400.
TR Taksa dR’aze... (MC= Missale... Chaldaeorum),
TYE/SDE Tulmada d-Yalope ‘edtanaye, Puthenpally 1904: QS-Part 2:1-141.
V Vadakkel’s TKQ, Aluva 1946: QS 206-66; TQR 258-64; 454pp.
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p.5 TAKSA-ORDER OF RAZA - QURBANA
00. TUYABhA L-QURABh QURBANA: PREPARATION for Qurbana: K-RE 1ff.
01. PUQDANA: Commandment: Jn 13:34-35. Raza English ’86/’89, 5/1
02. TEShBOHTA L-ALAHA: Glory to God: Lk 2:14. RE p.5/1.
03. ABhUN DBhA-ShMAYA: Our Father...: Mt 6:9-13; Lk 11:2-4. RE 6/2
04. SLOThA D-MARMIThA: Prayer before Psalmody: RE 7f/4f.
05. MARMIThA: Psalmody of Seasons: Ps.144-146 in RE 8-12/4-8.
06. AQAPThA U-UNAYA: Verse & Response: Ps 35:18 in RE 12/8.
07. SLOThA D-’ONIThA D-QANKE: Prayer before Anthem... RE 12/8f.
07.5 SLOThA D-BhESME: Prayer of Incense: RE 14/10.
08. ‘ONIThA D-QANKE: Anthem of Sanctuary: RE 13f/12f.
09. SLOThA D-LAKhU MARA: Prayer before “Lord of all”: RE 15/11f.
10. LAKhU MARA D-KhOLLA: Lord of all... RE 15f/11f.
11. SLOThA: Atu Mar... Prayer after Laku Mara: RE 16/12.
11.5 SLOThA: Lakh Qandisha... Syriac Breviary, p.298.
12. QAnDIShA ALAHA: Holy God... Trisagion =thrice holy: RE 16/12
13. SLOThA: Qandisha washbhiha... Holy and glorious... RE 17/13.
14. QINTA: ZUMARA: B’EDE RAnBE: Song on great Feasts: RE 19/14.
15. SLOThA D-QERYANE: before
16. QERYANA-1: Reading-1: from LAW: Book of... RE 17/13.
17. QERYANA-2: Reading-2: from Prophecy - of... RE 18/13.
18. ShURAYA-1: Responsorial-1: Ps.19:1-2 in RE 18/14.
19. SLOThA D-EnGARTA/ShLIHA: before Epistle/Apostle: RE 19/15.
20. TURGAMA-1: Comment before Epistle: RE 20f/15f.
21. ShLIHA/EnGARTA: Apostle/Epistle: Paul’s Ep. to... RE 21/16.
22. ShURAYA-2: Responsorial-2 (ZUMARA): Ps.45:1-2 in RE 22/17.
23. TURGAMA-2: Comment before Gospel: RE 23f/19f.
24. SLOThA: Prayers before Gospel: RE 22/18 21/17 25/20; 22/18.
25. ‘EVANGALYON: Holy Gospel of... Preaching of... RE 25/19.
26. ‘ONIThA D’EVANGALYON: Anthem of Gospel: Kthabha Ranba... RE 22/18
27. ‘AMORUThA: Homily. (Mt Mk Lk & Jn, your prayers...RE 23/18
28. KAROZUThA-1: Proclamation: Nequm shapir... RE 26f/21f.
29. KAROZUThA-2: Proclamation: Nesalle unebh’e... K-RE 47-53.
30. TUYABhA D-KhASA WAD-PILASA: Chalice & Paten: bread&wine RE 28f/23f
31. KAROZUThA-3: Proclamation: B-Bha’utha... RE 28f/23f.
32. SLOThA: Lakh Marya ‘Alaha... Lord God Almighty...: RE 30f/25f
33. SLOThA D-BhURKThA: Marya ‘Alaha angan... Lord God... RE 31/26
33.5 BURKThA in Raza: I am with you unto the end of days (3) RE 34/28
34. N’EZAL: Man d-la shqila-le. Let him go who has no baptism: RE 32/26
35. SLOThA DA-SYAMIDA: Imposition of Hands: RE 31/25.
35.5 Let us who are baptized... holy mysteries (34.N’ezal): RE 32/26)
36. ‘ONITHA D-’RAZE-1: SEGDThA/MATONYA: Your priests... RE 33/27
37. ‘ONIThA D-’RAZE-2: Body of Xt & His precious Blood- RE 35/28f
38. MASQA D-RAZE: Mysteries taken to & set on Altar: RE 36f/29f
39. ‘ONIThA D-’RAZE-3: Glory be...Upon the sacred Altar RE 35f/31f
40. HAYMANUThA: Creed: With our hearts... We believe... RE 38/32
41. KAROZUThA: Sallau ‘al Dukrane... Pray for Fathers... RE 39f/33
42. SLOThA D-MATTONYA: Shubhalak Meshk-hana - Prostration: M.4v; LM 308
43. BA‘UThA: Request for prayer (to Fathers-Teachers... M.5r) RE 41/46
44. KUShAPA: En Maran wAlahan... Our Lord God...: RE 41/34.
45. SLOThA DAQDAM MADBHA: Maudenan Maran... We thank you... RE 42/35
46. ShLAMA ‘AMAKhON: Peace be... Brothers, give peace... RE 42/35
47. SPAR HAYE U-MIThE: DIPTYCHS (B 275-81): Names of Bps...
47.3 Wahalp kolkon Patriarke... For all patriarchs... RE 43/36.
48. KAROZUThA: Let us all thank... Attentively and...: RE 43/36.
49. KUShAPA: Lord God Almighty ... O Lord... RE 43f/36f.
49.5 SLOThA D-BhESME: Prayer for Incense: TQT 45-47; TR 26-27.
50. QANONE D-QUDAShE: Grace of Lord... Let your minds... RE 44/37.
51. KUShAPA & BA‘UThA: Lord, give us... RE 44/37; Ahai sallau-QS 23.
52. GeHANTA-1: Bowing prayer: Worthy of praise... RE 45/37f.
52.4 QAnDISh: Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty... RE 45/38.
53. QUShAPA & BA’UThA: Holy are you- Woe to me- And now- RE 46/38f
54. GeHANTA-2: And with these... we also... RE 46,47/39,42.
55. KUShAPA D-MESA‘YUThA & BA’UThA: Intercession & Request RE 48f/43ff
56. GeHANTA-3: My Lord, in your abundant... RE 49-51/44f.
56.2 ‘En Maran w‘Alahan... Abhed ‘aman Shainak waShlamak... uHanbibhak.
56.3 Uhu Maran w‘Alahan ‘etha w‘allep lan... w‘ashbhak lan... b’Uhdana — d‘allep-lan.
56.4 MELLE MARANAYAThA: O.L. Jesus Christ on the night... RE 47/40.
56.5 W‘ap hanan mar... Isho Mishiha: And we also, my Lord... RE 50f/44f.
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57. Qudasha d-Mar Theodoros: TR 54-67; TQT 108-137; TQQ 32-39; L 45-54.
58. Qudasha d-Mar Nestoris: TR 68-87; TQT 138-182; TQQ 40-54; L 55-69.
59. New Anaphora-s to be made by CLC or SMC. Qulasa for 3Q only.
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60. KUShAPA: Mishiha Shlama... & Maudena-lak...: RE 51/45; 40/33f.
61. MAZMORE: PSALMS 51 & 122: RE 51f/45f.
62. SLOThA D-BhESME: Prayers for incensing: RE 52f/46f.
63. ZUMARA/ ‘ONITHA D-QASYA: Lahama hayya- LIVING BREAD: RE 54/47f.
64. QASYA U RUShMA: FRACTION & CONSIGNATION: RE 54f/48f.
65. KANONA: TAIBUThE... Grace of Our Lord... RE 56/49.
66. KAROZUThA for Reconciliation: RE 56f/50f.
67. M-BARAKhT MARYA... RE 58/51f; Abha dQushta (Father of Truth) V 242.
68. QANONA & ABhUN D-BhAShMAYA... Make us worthy... RE 59/52f.
69. ShLAMA & QUDShA: Peace & Holy things... RE 60/53.
70. QANONA: D-HILAT ‘ALAHA... BAThE & AQAPThA. RE 60/53; B 297.
71. ‘ONIThA D-BhEMA:‘UNAYA D-BhEM: AQAPThA & D-BAThE. RE 60f/53f.
72. ShAUTAPUThA: Communion in Eucharist: RE 61/54f.
73. TEShBOHTA D-QUBALTAYBUThA: Praise of thanks: 65f/57f.
74. KAROZUTHA: Proclamation: Let us all therefore... RE 66/58f.
75. SLOThA: D-QUBALTAYBUTHA: Thanksgiving: 66-68/83-85.
76. ABhUN D-BhAShMAYA... Our Father... RE 67,68/59,60; cf 6f/2f.
77. HUTAMA: Final Blessing: RE 68-70/60-62.
78. TUKAS RAZE: Ending of Mysteries: RE 64/56f.
79. PUSh BAShLAMA: Remain in peace... RE71/62;KTA 140.
79.5 TAUDIThA: Praises: Ps.148 & 116 with response (TQT 99-101f).
79.6 ZUMARA DATTLAYE: Dan.3:24ff; QS 53; V.257: Canticle of 3 Boys.
79.7 MAZMORA 150 (V 257).
INTRODUCTION.
We try to present a delatinised and dechaldeanised text of Qurbana/ Anaphora of the Blessed Apostles (Qudasha daShlihe (QS 1774; Roz 1603; V 1946) and those of Theodore (2Q-QT), and Nestorius (3Q-QN) from Taksa of Kelaita in 1928 (TK-E 1967), to help due restoration, revision and adaptation for organic growth of Raza, the Liturgy of the Nazrani (Nasraya Sabha) in India, as it was revised by the Roman commission in 1955 (Liturgia Siro-Malabaresi, Rome).
The earliest known liturgical text of the Nazrani in Kerala is an Epistolary copied in 1301 (Vat.Syr.22). The feasts in this MS are typical of the East Syrian calendar, as it was copied in Chingala (Kodungallur) in Malabar from a MS of Beth Kokhe (cathedral) of Mossul-Bagdad “during the time of bishop Mar Jacob, Metropolitan and director of the holy see of the Apostle Mar Thoma, that is to say our captain and the director of the entire holy Church of the Christian India.”[1]
p.7 The oldest known text of QS --- Mannanam Taksa of 1708 may be typical of Malabar tradition (OCP 23:329).
p.7 Nazrani adapted the East Syrian Liturgy into an “Indian” Liturgy, as shown by a few decrees of Diamper (1599) dealing with “superstitious” practices, and the testimonies pertaining to the strange and “heretical” practices of Nazrani, given by European travellers like Barbosa (1519), Monserrate (1579), Vincenzo Maria (1672) and Paulinus of Bartolomew (1796). J.Vellian gives details.[2] In the collegio (seminary) of Kodungallur started in 1541 by Fr Vincent de Lagos OFM there were about 100 pupils from the Nazrani families in 1549, as Francis Xavier reports. Syriac was not taught there; but Latin liturgy was strictly kept up. These latinised Nazrani priests could not say Syriac Mass! They joined the Latin diocese. Thus Nazrani-clergy were latinised in the seminaries.[3]
p.8 The first Latin Bishop Roz SJ for the Nazrani made changes in Qurbana --- Malabar Taksa in 1774 (QS) --- lastly in 1946 from Aluva.
p.8 The Syro-Malabar Carmelite Monastery, Mannanam (Kerala) has a Syriac MS --- of Raza --- Thus Syro-Malabar Liturgy became a typical example of latinisation.
p.8 Pope Pius XI tried to put a stop to Latinism --- since 1934. --- reformed Syriac Qurbana text (TQ) in 1960 at Aluva --- We are faithful to Indian Raza-Qurbana.
p.9 Qudasha daShlihe (QS) is a great treasure of Nazrani. It goes directly to the Aramaic roots of NT revelation; it has its origin and development fully in the semitic cultural background; it is suffused with biblical ideas and allusions. It has also apologetic values, as it expresses the faith of the original Church in a simple style and language of Jesus Christ: Aramaic-Syriac (Peshitha). The East Syriac Liturgy, developed in
p.9 QS has scriptural citations from the Syriac versions; it was not originally a translation from the Greek, but composed in Syriac. The body of QS is addressed not to the Father but to the Son; opening address of prayers and some phrases, addressed to the Father, may be later additions or modifications due to Greek and Latin influences. Evidently there was a strong tradition in Syria generally to address prayers and liturgies to the Son; even Mozarabic and Gallican eucharistic prayers have distinct traces of such a custom; two North African councils (4thc.) condemns it! Christ can receive prayer and sacrifice; the fact that QS is addressed to the Son is only a proof of its antiquity, and not an exceptional peculiarity,[7] much less a heresy!
p.9 Qudasha (Anaphora) of the Blessed Apostles would mean that various liturgical prayers were composed by the Apostles, or seem as the legitimate development of their unwritten traditions. E.Renaudot considers this liturgy to be composed by Addai and Mari.[8] [p.10] The names of Addai and Mari, the apostles of Edessa and Seleucia (eastern regions), seem to be added later, as they are found not even in the Taksa of Mar Joseph (+1569, f.98v & 101v); neither in the Menesian Missa (1599) nor in the Rozian Qurbana (1603) nor in the Taksa Kaldaya of Malabar printed in Rome in 1774 & 1844 nor in the Taksa of Puthenpally in 1904 & of Aluva in 1946 nor in its translation in 1953, called Slihanmarude Qurbana.
p.10 Liturgiologists try to reconstruct the Anaphopra of the Apostles to find out the original form of it. E.C. Ratcliff excluded Sanctus, Intercessory prayers and even Epiclesis and proposed the original form as a hymn of praise or a celebration going between early Agappe and later Eucharist.[9] B.Botte included Epiclesis, Anamnesis and even institution narrative as original.[10] G.Dix argues that Epiclesis is original, but institution narrative was never part of it. E, the oldest known text, supports it.[11] H.Engberding holds also the Intercessory prayers as original.[12] None of these “forms” seems to be conclusively “original”. Attempts to reconstruct a single `original text’ are misleading for B.D. Spinks.[13] All eucharistic prayers originally existed only in oral tradition; later they became stabilised due to various reasons. The gradual development of the content and theology of the prayers in the earliest available text, was studied by scholars.[14]
p.8 Pius XI tried to put a stop to “latinism” and made a commission for revising liturgical books in 1934. Roman committee of 1954 printed “Liturgia Siro-Malabaresi” (Qurbana) with Ordo in 1955; Ordo in 1959 & Supplementum Mysteriorum in 1960 in Rome; Syriac Qurbana text (TQ) in 1960 at Aluva (Pk-CIL 55f), similar to old Taksa of 1946 (V). It may not be realised, however, unless and until Nazrani get back the episcopal jurisdiction over All-INDIA: kolla-Hendo.[15]
Qudasha daShlihe (QS) is a great treasure of Nazrani. It goes directly to the Aramaic roots of NT revelation; it has its origin and development fully in the semitic cultural background; it is suffused with biblical ideas and allusions. It has also apologetic values, as it expresses the faith of the original Church in a simple style and language of Jesus Christ: Aramaic-Syriac (Peshitha). The East Syriac Liturgy, developed in
QS has scriptural citations from the Syriac versions; it was not originally a translation from the Greek, but composed in Syriac. The body of QS is addressed not to the Father but to the Son; opening address of prayers and some phrases, addressed to the Father, may be later additions or modifications due to Greek and Latin influences. Evidently there was a strong tradition in Syria generally to address prayers and liturgies to the Son; even Mozarabic and Gallican eucharistic prayers have distinct traces of such a custom; two North African councils (4thc.) condemns it! Christ can receive prayer and sacrifice; The fact that QS is addressed to the Son is only a proof of its antiquity, and not an exceptional peculiarity (Dix 180), much less a heresy!
Anaphora of the Blessed Apostles would mean that various liturgical prayers were composed by the Apostles, or seem as the legitimate development of their unwritten traditions. E.Renaudot considers this liturgy to be composed by Addai and Mari (Liturgiarum Orientalium Collectio, 2 (Frankfurt 1847) 578-81). The names of Addai and Mari, the apostles of Edessa and Seleucia (eastern regions), seem to be added later, as they are not found even in the Taksa of Mar Joseph (1565, f.98v & 101v); neither in the Menesian Mass nor in the Rozian Qurbana nor in the Roman Taksa of 1774, nor in the Taksa of Aluva in 1946, nor in its translation in 1953, but in the reformed Taksa of 1960, 1962, 1986 & 1989. They can be omitted from the Taksa of India.
Liturgiologists try to reconstruct the Anaphopra of the Apostles to find out the original form of it. E.C. Ratcliff excluded Sanctus, Intercessory prayers and even Epiclesis and proposed the original form as a hymn of praise or a celebration going between early Agappe and later Eucharist.[17] B.Botte included Epiclesis, Anamnesis and even institution narrative as original.[18] G.Dix argues that Epiclesis is original, but institution narrative was never part of it; E, the oldest known text, supports it.[19] H.Engberding holds also the Intercessory prayers as original.[20] None of these “forms” seems to be conclusively “original”. Attempts to reconstruct a single `original text’ are misleading.[21] All eucharistic prayers originally existed only in oral tradition; later they became stabilised due to various reasons. The gradual development of the content and theology of the prayers in the earliest available text, was studied by scholars; read their books.[22]
p.8 Pius XI tried to put a stop to “latinism” and made a commission for revising liturgical books in 1934. Roman committee of 1954 printed “Liturgia Siro-Malabaresi” (Qurbana) with Ordo in 1955; Ordo in 1959 & Supplementum Mysteriorum in 1960 in Rome; Syriac Qurbana text (TQ) in 1960 at Aluva (Pk-CIL 55f), similar to old Taksa of 1946 (V). It may not be realised, however, unless and until Nazrani get back the episcopal jurisdiction over All-INDIA: kolla-Hendo. [23]
N.B. Latinised Syrians object & obstruct reform of liturgy. Latinization is unjustly forced on 214,860 Nazrani living under Latin Bishops: 150,000 in
p.11 INSTRUCTION
NAZRANI-QURBANA: Christians of
p.11
p.11 The Edessan liturgy underwent some infiltration of hellenic ideas even in the earliest texts now available; but it is still basically a semitic liturgy (Ratcliff), cast in a different idiom of thought from that of the eucharistic prayers of the helleni-stic christianity.
p.12 The obscure history of the Syrian liturgies illustrates that contrast between the whole mind and thought of the hellenisic and semitic worlds which rarely meets us with any definiteness in christian history out-side NT (Dix 178). Dr Illickamury compares Qudasha daShlihe with Latin Mass and condemns its theology and practice, e.g. of turning to east for prayer.[27] The sun is a symbol of cosmic awareness; also of Christ the Light of the world. “The sun has always been the premier symbol of knowledge in the Indian religious tradition... Gayatri mantra enshrines this symbolism... Veneration to Saavitr, the sun; Let us meditate on his brilliance That it may illumine and inspire our intellect”.[28] It is the supreme mantra of the Hindus. It was revealed to Vishwamitra when he got the blessing of sage Vasishta.[29]
p.12 RAZA-QURBANA:Qurbana of Raza (mystery) of the M-dabranutha (economy of salvation): The Salvific Mystery of God’s Plan for the human redemption, a mysterious drama, hidden since all eternity, was revealed and fulfilled by and in the mysterious personality and “economy” of our Lord Jesus Christ, true God and true Man. Jesus, Christ and Lord (Acts 2:36), is the Raza of Malkutha (kingdom of heaven); and his Body and Blood in Qurbana (Eucharist) are Raze (Mysteries), celebrated in and by the Church: Mystical Body of Christ, distinct from his Sacramental Body (Eph.1:23; 5:23; Col 2:18). What a Mystery! So it is titled “Raza-Qurbana”.
p.12 QURBANA means both approach to and offering at MADuBaHA- Altar, by and for the faithful of Christ: the Altar of the Father for divine sacrifice, out of love for the humans. It is trulythe Teshmeshta (service or liturgy) of the Servant of Yahweh for the Medabaranutha (Economy of Redemption): God (the Father) loved the world (of humans) so much that he gave his only Son (Incarnate Word: Jn 1:14), so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life (Jn 3:16).
p.12 Qurbana, related to Mt 5:23 and Mk 7:11, is rich in meaning. Qudasha hallows, makes holy, the people of God by divine presence. Qudasa-Qurbana refers to Christian way of life (lex vivendi), andexpresses the way of worship (lex orandi) and of faith-confession (lex credendi). Faith and Prayer leads to Practice in daily life. Bible and Liturgy contain the salvation history of humankind. God communicates His Word to man for his redemption. Man responds to the divine call by accepting it in faith or by rejecting it. The Christian faith is owned & celebrated in the Liturgy-Qurbana.
p.13 Liturgy from Greek Leit-urgein (leit= public, ergon= work or action) means public service or worship. Both in civil and political, cultic and religious, sphere it signified “the service that ought to be rendered to gods by deputed persons”.[30] Idea of service is expressed by two Hebrew words: sheret for affective and unconditional service of a faithful servant; abhad for burdensome services of a slave to the master. But LXX version consciously used leiturgia for the cult rendered to Yahweh by priests and levites; and latria or dulia for the cult by people. It refers to whole worship and to main worship, Qurbana. It is one liturgical service, composed of various services (CO 20:41).
p.14/18 Liturgical Calendar has temporal and sanctoral cycles: --- p.18.
Liturgical calendar has to specify the form of celebration of events (feasts or memoria-s) for the day. Not stipend-money but feast should decide solemnity! There is a wrong tendency to create solemnity for greater show of “profitable” saints (simony)! Liturgical calendar in Ordo is now revised and more latinised.
p.13 RAZA of M-dabaranutha (salvific plan) is manifested by and in Qurbana: the ritual enacting of the sacred events in the life of Jesus; the liturgical celebration of the Mysteries of Christ and of His Church, especially of the Pesaha (passing), Paschal Mystery, in an yearly cycle of Teshmeshta-Service (Liturgy). Salvific events of Christ, celebrated in liturgy, form the nucleus of liturgical seasons of liturgical year (Hudra: crown of year) given in the liturgical calendar.[31]
1) Subhara-Yalda: Annunciation-Nativity including circumcision.
2) Denaha: Epiphany at Baptism, also at
3) Sauma Ranba: the Great Fast of 40 days and nights in the desert.
4) Qyamta: Easter -Resurrection, apparitions (to Thomas) and ascension.
5) Shlihe: Apostles on whom the Holy Spirit descended on Pentecost-day;
6) Qaita/ Galyana: Revelation of divinity of Christ, glorification or transfiguration at Tabor.
7) Rumrama daSlibha: Exaltation of the Cross in Elya-SLIBhA-Mushe season leading to Qudash-‘Edta: sanctification of the Church, to be consecrated and dedicated to the Father by Christ at his second coming in glory, as it was prefigured at Tabor where Elia and Mushe appeared with Christ.
p.13 Maranaya-feasts of our Lord are most solemnly celebrated. Sundays and feasts of our Lord and our Lady are celebrated solemnly (RE 2, n.6). Dukrana of St Thomas is most solemnly celebrated; other apostles, martyrs, doctors, and so on are often commemorated. So we have 3 forms of celebration (Qurbana): the most solemn called Raza, with all proper prayers; the solemn form with “propria” of the season, and the simple form for ordinary days (RE of 1989, Gen.Instr., n.1-4).
p.14 Liturgy works through signs and symbols: words, gestures, movements, art, things, persons, places, etc. become holy signs that bring together heaven and earth, or unite God and man, because, as
p.14 Symbols are signs, but not all signs are symbols. They lead to reality: smoke is sign of fire, the reality. Conventional signs are fixed by man, who freely decides the relation between sign and reality. Conventional-real signs are abundant in Christian liturgy. Symbol is a free sign, fixed by man in his free will because of some basic reasons (cultural, historical, national, social, moral, salvific). In the ecclesial and liturgical sphere, symbols are signs consciously fixed by the Church, to show or touch the Christ-event: leading the faithful either directly to the historical accomplishment of salvation by Jesus, or to the various stages of Church history where the Christ-event became an experiential reality. Some of these signs and symbols ought to or can be changed according to the change of time and place of the worshipping community.
p.14 Symbolism of facing Altar /East /God is important for both people and priest who is the mediator and leader rather than the president of the liturgical assembly: “Catholic doctrinal tradition describes the priest as teacher of the Word, minister of the Sacraments and the leader of the Christian community entrusted to him”.[33] Priest faces the people of God to greet and teach them, and faces God with the people to offer prayers and sacrifice. Priest facing people during the whole Mass is not celebrating in conformity with the Last Supper, nor with the custom of the ancient Church; neither the Vatican II nor the law of the Latin Church required of him to say Mass facing people.[34] Priest may claim important pastoral advantages, particularly as regards visibility and audibility. It is a modern idea, alien to the liturgical ethos of the east and the west. But this sociololgical approach to Mass helps to remedy the insecurity and loneliness, experienced by the modern-celibate priests, who crave for emotional support of the assembly, and perform the rites to impress the people out of the dependency of an actor on the audience! It looks as a one-man show.[35] People are forced to watch priest chewing the Host! The current trend is to over-emphasis the Mass as a community meal, probably for ecumenical reasons, so as not to offend Protestants (CO 20:92). What about the Orthodox Churches?[36] We should not, however, accept this new practice as more adapted to modern man. Mass appears as a secular form of worship! It seems to deny, Mass is mainly sacrifice and Eucharist is the supreme act of homage to God, the mystical re-enactment of the unique sacrifice of Christ (CO 20:93). Symbolic acts are an integral part of the sacred rite, kept at the centre of the liturgy.
p.15 Liturgical Space in the Church-Building: An East Syrian Church is oriented. It has 3 parts or divisions known by Greek names: hykala, questroma, and qanke – leading to Qudsa & Madebaha.
1) Haykala (nave) is for the faithful, and spacious, to the west. 2) Qestroma, one step above the haykala, is for singers, readers, and others who assist in the liturgy, and for clergy. 3) Qanke (chancel), 3 steps above the qestroma, on the east, is separated by a veil, for the officiating priests and deacons. Qanke has Qud-sha (sanctuary), Beth-qud-sha (holy place) and Qdos-qud-sha (holy of holies), leading to Madebaha (altar), near eastern wall; sanctuary lamp is in the middle; beth-gaza on north & south sides (Nazrani 8/11:9-12; 6/5:8f). There should be Bethgaza on both sides of sanctuary; chalice is set at the (right)-south, and at the (left)-north paten, water and towel for washing hands and wiping them (Gen.Instr. (1989), n.9). For Beth-gaza, two tables (1m. square) are conveniently put near the Rails-Qanke: for Bukhra and Paten on the north; for wine & chalice, water etc on the south. Sanctuary Veil is used from the start to Laku-mara, during Karozutha after Gospel, and the qanona “D-hilat” before Communion at the discretion of the local Bishop (Gen.Instr. n.5).
p.16 Bema in Qestroma: For gospel service, a structure distinct from altar, is required. Under present circumstances, it is best set up in the qestroma just below the sanctuary, or in front of the Haykla. Seats for celebrant and Adn are put on northside; seats for deacons and ministers on south-side (RE p.3, n.13). There shall be credence, lecterns and chairs on it; the Gospel lectionary, candles and processional cross are to be placed on the credence (Gen.Instr. n.6). For bema, a table with cross (symbol of Gagultha in bema), is used in Raza and solemn Qurbana, outside the sanctuary. The Gospel lectionary [after reading] is placed at the left-north side on the altar, and the taksa at the right-south (Gen.Instr. n.8).
Qanke (Qud-sha/ sanctuary) is the symbol of heavenly
Altar-Christ is loved and respected. Only objects used for the Qurbana are to be kept on the altar. A small tabernacle is fixed on the altar for Eucharist; but the oil lamp for Blessed Sacrament can be placed outside the sanctuary. Slibha (cross) is better put on the tabernacle. Gospel and Taksa (missal) are put on the altar, besides chalice and paten. Candles, flowers, etc are not put on the altar, but on side-tables (north and south). The Altar is kissed, to show love and respect, in 3 ways (Gen.Instr. n.17): 1) actually kiss it. 2) touch it with the forehead. 3) place the hands on the altar and then bring them to the forehead. The right (north) and left (south) of Christ as he faces the people of God (west) are the right and left of altar, sanctuary and church, mentioned in the rubrics; not right and left of the congregation facing the sanctuary (Gen. Instr. n.7).
Sign of the Cross: on oneself by placing his right palm on forehead and on the chest, then on right and on left shoulders (RE 2, n.7). You too sign yourself from right to left shoulder. Not vice-versa!
p.16 Sacred vestments are Kothina (alb) and Zunnara (cincture), Zande (maniple), Uhrara (stole), and Paina (cope). Zamore (singers- subdeacons) put Urhara around their neck (to protect the throat); Meshamshane (deacons) put it on left shoulder (as randam-mundu). Shoshapa is used to cover the Mysteries; Kabalana for covering chalice. Prayers at vesting, taken from Syriac Pontificale, are optional (Ordo n.6). Priests and deacons in official dress can enter the sanctuary.
3 deacons ministering at Qurbana are symbols of angels who do spiritual ministry (EO 2:16f); D-1 is Gabriel and stands on north-side, D-2 Michael on south, and D-3 Raphael takes thurible and incense, necessary for Raza and solemn Qurbana (Gen.Instr. n.3). Deacons assist the priest in the Qurbana just as angels ministered to Christ in the redemptive mystery. They serve as vested ministers in the sanctification of the Christian community. Deacon is a liturgical necessity; hence no liturgical rite can be legally conducted without a deacon, or another priest acting as deacon (CO 20:13). Ramban-Pattu refers to 21 deacons for 7 priests-churches in Kerala.
p.17 In Raza oblations may be prepared by Adn during Karozutha, or just before they are taken to the altar, or before Raza (RE 2, n.3 & 3, n.14). Deacons of ESC have no right to prepare either chalice with wine or paten with bread (Bukhra), because they are signed with “consecratory words” (B 251) and deacons have no right to bless things or persons. Purification of chalice and paten is done by a concelebrant (or deacon) at the left-south Bethgaza; it can also be done after Qurbana (Gen.Instr. n.26). The custom (practice) of tapping the base of chalice 3 times with the paten, when gifts are deposited, may be omitted (RE 4, n.15; Gen.Instr. n.19).
p.17 Posture: Celebrant, deacons, singers and others stand during the liturgical service; they sit during the readings, except Gospel (Ordo n.8), and during homily, etc. Clerics too remain in qestroma.
Position of Hands: Priest prays with “elevated” hands means, palms should be raised above the head; “extended” hands means, they are stretched out on the level of shoulders, not above the head, with palms upwards.
Gehanta: For the prayers of inclination priest makes a deep bow, then bends (inclines) a little and “extends his arms”, with palms folded up a little (Ordo n.10), and at the end makes a deep bow and kisses the altar. He raises his voice for qanona (Ordo n.12; TK-E 24 & 73). At other times, hands can be put on altar, put down under paina, or held together below the chest (Ordo n.11).
p.18 Mattonya-Prostration means to genuflect, and place the palms on the ground and the front touches the floor once or thrice, and to rise up. Deep bow or profound inclination is of head and shoulders, and chest and body. Bow or small inclination is of head and shoulders only (n.9).
Exchange of peace: Recipient grasps with both palms the folded palms of the giver (offerer) of peace; or both facing each other bow the head, with folded palms over the chest (RE 2, n.9).
Choir’s duty is to help the community to sing well and take active part in liturgy, and to sing only those songs, that are officially approved (RE 3, N.B.). The Pastoral Letter of the Latin Bishops of Kerala in 1999 said devotional songs in cassettes must not be used for Mass. Local choir is preferable even for solemn occasions like feasts, marriages, etc. Avoid the noise pollution of instruments.
Optional prayers are given in smaller letters. Columns show the specific parts of Raza; Astericks indicate parts common to Raza and Solemn Qurbana” (RE 4, n.16). The Marmitha given for Raza too may be reduced to one psalm (Gen. Instr. n.17). Some elements of Raza may be added, as occasion demands, in Solemn Qurbana; similarly Simple Qurbana may include elements of Solemn Qurbana (Gen. Instr. n.2). At least the principal Qurbana be celebrated solemnly on Sundays and Feast days (Gen. Instr. n.4).
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p.19 R A Z A - Q U R B A N A
00.0 TUYABhA LeQURABh QURBANA: PREPARATION
(QS 1-6; V.206-210)
00.0A. Antiphon: ‘E’ol l-Bhaitak... (QS 1; V 206; Ordo n.72; K 13).
‘E’ol leBhaitakh Marya: WabhYaqede Shalme ‘epar’ak:
Let me enter your house, O Lord, and offer you my holocausts
Nedarai daprash Sep-wath: my vows, which my lips uttered.
(cf Ps.66:13f).
Recite “A” Psalms only (Ps.84, 86, 115:10-19 & Ps.24) to be short.
Note: This is sung in Masses for the dead (K 13).
00.0B. Antiphon: La tetdekar lan... (QS 1; V 206).
La tetdekar lan: Sakhlawathan ud‘Abhahathan: (Judith 7:28).
Remember not against us our sins and those of our fathers,
Ula tethnaqam: Marya ‘Alahan min Bishuthan (Tobit 3:3).
nor avenge us for our iniquity, Our God, the Lord (of our fathers).
Recite “B” Psalms only (Ps.85, 115:1-9, 129 & Ps.24) to be short.
Note: Qanona, given first, is usually recited after verse 1 & “Glory be” (Praise be) to the Father (cf Appendix-2, p.99).
00.1A Mazmora: Ma hambibhin... Ps. 84:1-12 (QS 1; V 206).
Qanona: How glorious and lovely is your holy place,
O God, the sanctifier of all things!
01 How lovely is your dwelling place, O Lord of hosts!
My soul longs, yea, faints for the courts of the Lord. (qanona)
02 My heart and flesh sing for joy to the living God.
03 Even the sparrow finds a home, and the swallow a nest,
and they lay the young at your altar, O Lord of hosts!
04 My God and my King!
Blessed are those who dwell in your house to praise you forever
p.20 05 Blessed are the men whose strength is in you,
in whose hearts are the highways to
06 They go from strength to strength;
the God of gods will be seen in
07 O Lord God of hosts, hear my prayer; give ear, O God of Jacob!
08 Behold our shield, O God; look upon the face of your anointed!
09 For a day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere
10 I would rather be a door-keeper in the house of my God
than dwell in the tents of wickedness.
11 For the Lord God is a sun and shield; he bestows favour and honour.
12 No good things does the Lord withhold from those who walk uprightly.
13 O Lord of hosts, blessed is the man who trusts in you!
Glorybe to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness.
From age to age, forever, Amen and Amen. (qanona).
00.1B Mazmora: Sbhait Marya b‘ar’ak... Ps 85:1-13 (QS 2; V 206f):
Qanona: By the power of your cross, O Lord,
grant help and protection to your worshippers.
01 Lord, you were favourable to your land;
you restored the fortunes of Jacob. (qanona).
02 You forgave the iniquity of your people; you pardoned all their sins.
03 You withdrew all your wrath; you turned from your hot anger.
04 Restore us again, O God of our salvation,
and put away your indignation towards us.
05 Will you be angry with us for ever?
Will you prolong your anger to all generations?
06 Will you not revive us again, that your people may rejoice in you?
07 Show us your steadfast love, O Lord; and grant us your salvation.
08 Let me hear what God the Lord will speak,
for he will speak peace to his people, to his saints,
to those who turn to him in their hearts.
09 Surely his salvation is at hand for those who fear him,
that glory may dwell on our earth (in our land).
10 Steadfast love and faithfulness will meet;
righteousness and peace will kiss each other.
11 Faithfulness will spring up from the ground,
and righteousness will look down from the sky.
12 Yea, the Lord will give what is good,
and our land will yield its increase.
13 Righteousness will go before him, and make his footsteps a way.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
From age to age, forever, Amen and Amen. (qanona)
00.2A Mazmora: Sli Marya ‘Ednak... Ps 86:1-17 (QS 2; V 207).
Qanona: O Christ who love the sinners,
Open your door to our prayers and accept our petitions.
01 Incline your ear, O Lord, and answer me,
for I am poor and needy. (qanona)
02 Preserve my life, for I am godly; save your servant who trusts in you
03 You are my God; be gracious to me, O Lord,
for to you do I cry all the day.
04 Gladden the soul of your servant,
for to you, O Lord, do I lift up my soul.
05 For you are good and forgiving, O Lord,
abounding in steadfast love to all who call on you.
06 O Lord, give ear to my prayer; hearken to my cry of supplication.
07 In the day of my trouble I call on you, for you do answer me.
08 There is none like you among the gods, O Lord,
nor are there any works like yours.
09 All the nations you have made shall come,
and bow down before you, O Lord, and glorify your name.
10 For you are great and do wondrous things, you alone are God.
11 Teach me your way, O Lord, and I will walk in truth;
My heart will rejoice in those who fear your name.
12 With my whole heart I give thanks to you, O Lord my God,
and I will glorify your name for ever.
13 For great is your steadfast love toward me;
you have delivered my soul from the depths of Sheol. ...
14 But you, O Lord, are a God merciful and gracious,
slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness.
15 Turn to me and take pity on me; give your strength to your servant,
and save the son of your handmaid.
16 Show me a sign of your favour,
that those who hate me may see and be put to shame,
because you, O Lord, have helped me and comforted me.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
From age to age, forever, Amen and Amen. (qanona)
00.2B Mazmora: Rehemeth dnesma’ Marya... Ps 115:1-9 (Peshita).
Qanona: God alone is the Lord of our death and life.
01 I loved (was pleased),
that the Lord has heard the voice of my supplications
and that he has inclined his ear to me, when I call on him. (Q)
02 Because the snares of death encompassed me;
and the pangs of Sheol laid hold on me.
03 I suffered distress and anguish,
and I called on the name of the Lord: O Lord, save my life.
04 You are the merciful and righteous Lord,
and you are the gracious God.
05 The Lord preserves the simple; when I was brought low, he saved me.
06 Return, o my soul, to your rest;
for the Lord has dealt bountifully with you.
07 Because he saved my soul from death, (and my eyes from tears),
and my feet from stumbling,
that I may walk before the Lord in the land of the living.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
From age to age, forever, Amen and Amen. (qanona)
00.3A Mazmora: Haymneth umalleth... Ps 115:10-19 (QS 3; V 207).
Qanona: God alone is the Lord of our death and life.
01 I kept my faith, even when I said, “I am greatly afflicted”;
I said in my consternation, “Men are all a vain hope”. (qanona)
02 What shall I render to the Lord for all his bounty to me?
03 I will lift up the cup of salvation and call on the name of the Lord;
04 I will pay my vows to the Lord in the presence of all his people.
05 Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints.
06 O Lord, I am your servant, the son of your handmaid.
You have loosed my bonds.
07 I will offer to you the sacrifice of thanksgiving,
and call on the name of the Lord.
08 I will pay my vows to the Lord in the presence of all his people,
in the courts of the house of the Lord, in your midst, O Jerusalem.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
From age to age, forever, Amen and Amen. (qanona)
00.3B Mazmora: Min‘Umqa qreythak... Ps.129:1-8 (QS 3; V 208).
Qanona: Merciful, good and just Lord, by your grace, have mercy on us.
01 Out of the depths I cry to you, O Lord! (qanona)
02 Lord, hear my voice!
Let your ears be attentive to the voice of my supplications!
03 If you, O Lord, should mark iniquities,
Lord, who could be found to withstand it?
04 Because, forgiveness is only with you; (so you are feared)!
05 I hope in the Lord, and my soul waits for his word.
06 I wait for the Lord from morning vigil to morning vigil.
07 O
Because with the Lord there is mercy (steadfast love),
and with him is plenteous redemption.
08 And he will redeem
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
From age to age, forever, Amen and Amen. (qanona)
00.4A/B Mazmora: D-Marya-hi ‘ar`a baMle’a... Psalm 24.
Qanona: Let us be attentive to our duties,
so that the almighty God would save us.
01 Of the Lord is the earth and the fullness thereof,
the world and those who dwell therein. (qanona)
02 For he has founded it upon the seas,
and established it upon the rivers.
03 Who shall ascend the the hill of the Lord?
And who shall stand in his holy place?
04 He who has clean hands and a pure heart,
who does not lift up his soul to what is false,
and does not swear deceitfully.
05 Such a one will receive blessing from the Lord,
and vindication from the God, our Saviour.
06 This is the generation of those who seek him,
who seek the face of the God of Jacob.
07 Lift up your heads, O gates! and be lifted up for ever,
O ancient doors! that the King of glory may enter.
08 Who is this King of glory? The Lord, strong and mighty,
the Lord, mighty in battle!
09 Lift up your heads, O gates! and be lifted up for ever,
O ancient doors! that the King of glory may enter.
10 Who is this King of glory? The Lord of hosts himself!
He is the King of glory for ever!
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
From age to age, forever, Amen and Amen. (qanona)
Note: On Sunday of HOShANA we sing Ps.24:7-10 in Syriac:
07 ‘Arim Tar’e Reshaikon: ‘Ettrim Tar’e dmin ‘Alam:
D-ne’ol Malka d‘Iqare.
08 Mannu hana Malka d‘Iqare? Marya ‘Ashina uGanbara:
Marya Ganbara waQrabhthana.
09 ‘Arim Tar’e Reshaikon: ‘Ettrim Tar’e dmin ‘Alam:
D-ne’ol Malka d‘Iqare.
10 Mannu hana Malka d‘Iqare? Marya Hailthana:
Hu-yu Malka M-Yaqra l’alam.
00.5. TUYABhA Z‘ORA: PRAYERS AT VESTING: (V 210; QS 5): optional.
Note: MR = Missale Romanum, ed. Benziger, 1956; Praeparatio..., page.
KTA =KthabhadTaksa dAnaphora of Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church, 1991.
00.5.1 Priest removes his cloak: Exue me, Domine,... (MR p.lxvi):
Lord, put off me the old man with all his habits and actions, and
put on me the new man created in justice and holiness of truth
according to God.
00.5.2 Priest puts shoe on left foot: ‘Osenoin Marya ‘Alaha...: (KTA p.4):
Lord God, shoe me with the preparation of the gospel of peace/
so that I can trample the serpents and scorpions/ and all
power (snares) of the enemy, for ever. Amen. (cf MR p.lxv).
00.5.3 Putting shoe on right foot: Makek Marya ‘Alaha...:
Lord God, put under my footstool all haughtiness against your
knowledge, and enable me by your help to put down all carnal
motions (passions), for ever. Amen. (KTA, p.4).
00.5.4 Putting on Amice: Impone Domine, galeam salutis...:
Lord, put on my head the helmet of salvation, that I may fight
against the diabolic attacks. (MR, p.lxiv).
Note: It absorbs sweat and keeps alb, stole & cope clean.
00.5.5A. Priestwashes hands: Da Domine, virtutem manibus meis...:
Lord, give power to my hands to wash away all unlean stains,
that I may serve you without any pollution of body and mind (MR, p.lxv).
00.5.5B Priest washes hands: Mishiha naqel mennak... (KTK p.111):
May Christ remove from (us) me all burdens of sinfulnesss, that
was always coming to (us) me, for ever. Amen. (Taksa of 1968).
00.5.6 Priest puts on Kotina (alb): Nalbsak Maran w‘Alahan...:
May our Lord and God put on (us) me a new man, renewed in the
knowledge of truth, by the grace of Christ. Amen. (KTK p.111).
00.5.7 Priest ties Zunara (girdle): Hazoq Mar l’Abhdaik...:
O my Lord, fasten your servants with the girdle of purity, that
we may stand in your service with all cleanliness, for ever.
Amen. (KTK p.111).
00.5.8 Priest wears ‘Urara (stole): Handar Maran w`Alahan...:
Our Lord and God, make me your servant shine, in the splendour of righteousness, and decorate my soul with bright deeds of
holiness, for ever. Amen. (KTK p.136).
00.5.9 Priest puts on capa: Paina/ Ma’apra/ Gultha: Nalbsak Maran w‘Alahan...:
May Our Lord and God put on (us) me the yoke of justice, that
(we) I may behave neatly, decently and holily before him, all the
days of my life on earth, for ever. Amen. (KTK p.159).
00.5.10 Zande are put on: Lord, enable me to do good works in private,
that I may receive the reward from the Father (Mt 6:4).
00.6 Prayers at starting: Ps.43:4 & Ps.73:17; Mic.4:2 (MR p.226):
00.6.1 Procedamus in Nomine Domini/ Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti.
Let us proceed in the Name of the Lord: of the Father, and of the
Son, and of the Holy Spirit. R. Amen.
00.6.2 Going to altar/ bema/ sanctuary:‘Ethe lwath Madbahe d‘Alaha: (Ps 43:4):
I will go (come) to the sanctuary of God,
to God who makes my youth glad, and praise my God with lyre.
(QS 6; V 210; KTA p.8; MR p.226; Fabian, Qurbana p.18-22)
00.6.3 Entering church/ sanctuary and bowing to altar-cross:
LeBhaitak ‘Alaha ‘eleth waqdam Bema... (Ps 73:17):
I entered your house, and worshipped before your throne,
O Heavenly King; Merciful Lord, forgive my debts and sins.
(Ps 137:2; QS 6; V 210; KTA 8; Fabian 22-26).
00.6.4 Deacon lights candle on North-right side, saying... KTA 10.
Jesus, full of light, we see by (in) Your light that
You are the source of light for Your sevants.
O Ray of the Father, brighten us with Your splendour.
(It is lighted from the central lamp -Father).
00.6.5 Deacon lights candle on South-left side, saying... KTA 10.
O Holy One, O Virtuous One, who dwell in the sphere of light, remove from Your servants all the miseries and worldly thoughts. Grant us the help to perform good works with a pure mind. (It is lighted from the candle /lamp on the north-right side).
00.6.6 Let us begin Qurbana in the name of the Lord (Mt 18:19f).
R. Amen. (Adn used to welcome Bp to bema: F-Q 26f).
00.7 Matonya: Qandis, qandis... Is.6:3; Rev.4:8; Jer.23:24.
00.7.1 Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty.
Heaven and earth are full of his glory and praise,
And of the nature of his being/ essence [and of his omnipresence],
and of the splendour of his glorious beauty (wonderful order);
as the Lord says: “Heaven and earth are filled with me!”.
00.7.2 Kissing the corners of altar /bema:‘Asur Moryo ‘Ad’idain...
Lord, bind our feasts with chains to the corners of your altar.
You are my God, I confess you; you are my God, I praise you.
(Ps 118:27f; KTA 8).
00.7.3a Glory be to you, O God! (3 times). Barek-mar! (QS 7; V 212).
00.7.3b Praise be to you, Father; praise be to you, Son; praise be to
you, Holy Spirit: Your unity and trinity be blessed for ever.
00.7.3c Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness.
————————————————————————————————-
RAZA-1 RAZA-QURBANA - PRE-ANAPHORA (n.01-n.41) GAp. 30-10-99.
p.22 ORDER OF RAZA - QURBANA
01. PUQDANA-HADhThA: New Law for Christians (Jn 13:34-35).
Note: Priest greets people at the door (M-TTC 162; Pk-Q 151f; N.6/5:9).
01.1 P. Puqdankhon: [What is] your Law? (QS 8; V 212; TQ 1).
01.2 R. Puqdane daMishiha: [It is the] Law of Christ: Lk 22:19?
01.1B Let us begin Qurbana in accordance with the commandof Christ
01.2B Amen. We want to live in Christian Love (Jn 15:12).
PRAISE AND WORSHIP
02. TEShBOHTA L-’ALAHA: Glory to God (Lk 2:14; QS 8; V 212; TQ 1).
02.1 P. Teshbohta l‘Alaha baMaraume: Glory to God in the heights (3).
02.2 R. Amen (3). (Sing thrice; only twice in M.1v).
02.3 P. U’al ‘Ar’a Shlama uSabhra tabha laBhnai-nasha:
And on earth peace and firm hope to (men) people: M 1v; LM 293.
02.4 R. Bkhol ‘endan l’almin. Amen: At all times, for ever.Amen.
(Teshsbohta was sung first at Christmas only: F-Q 32f).
03. ABhUN D-BhA-ShMAYA: Our Father... (Mt 6:9-13; Lk 11:2-4).
03.1 Abhun dbhaShmaya, nethkandash Shmak; (tethe Malkuthak): (M 1v).
P. OurFather in heaven, hallowed be your name; (your kingdom come):
03.2 QANONA: Qandish, qandish, qandish-at, Abhun dbhashmaya!
Holy,holy,holy are you, our Father in heaven;
Damalen Shmaya w‘Ar’a Ranbuth Shubhhak;
Heaven and earth are full of your glory and praise;
‘Ire u`Nasha qa’en lakh: qandish, qandish, qandish-at.Angels and men cry out to you: Holy, holy, holy are you.
03.3 Abhun dbhaShmaya, nethkandash Shmak; tethe Malkuthak:
Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name; your kingdom come;
Nehawe Sebhyanakh ‘aikana dbhaShmaya ‘ap b‘Ar’a.
your will be done on earth, as it is in heaven.
03.4 Habh lan Lahama dSunaqanan yaumana. washbhoq lan Haubain
Give us the bread we need today; and forgive us our debts
waHattahain/ aikana d‘ap hanan shbhaqan leHayyabhain.and sins, /
as we have forgiven those who offended us.
Ula ta’lan lNesyona, ‘ela passan min Bisha.
And let us not enter into temptation; but deliver us from the evil one.
Mettol d-dilakh-i Malkutha uHaila uTeshbohta, l’alam ‘almin `Amen.
Because / yours is the kingdom, / the power and the glory /
for ever and ever, Amen.
Note: Bread (Jn 6:35 41 48; 6:68); Kingdom (Rom 14:17; 1Chr. 29:11).
M 1v omits “Glory be” etc (03.5-8). Cf F-Q 33-35.
Holiness is is attributed to all 3 divine Persons (n.53.2 & n.69.4).
Hence the Syriac text of “Glory be” is translated literally.
03.5 Shubhha l‘Abha ulaBhra walaRuha daQudasha: Rev 4:11; 5:13; 7:12).
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
03.6 Min ‘alam wa’dama l’alam, `Amen w`Amen. (Nazrani 4/4:4).
From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen.
03.7 Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name; (your kingdom come)
03.8 Qanona: Holy, holy,holy, are you, our Father in heaven;
Heaven and earth are full of your glory and praise;
Angels and men cry out to you: Holy, holy, holy are you.
03.9 Deacon: Nesalle: Shlamma ‘aman.
D. Let us pray: peace be with us.
04. SLOThA daqdam Marmitha: PRAYER before PSALMODY.
04.A On Sundays and Feastdays: bHad-b-shanbe wabh’Ede:
P. Hayyel Maran w‘Aalahan... (M.1v; QS 8; V 213; TQ 2):
Our Lord and Our God,/ by (in) your compassion,/ strengthen our
weakness,/ that we may celebrate the sacred Mysteries/ given for
the renewal and salvation of mankind/ through the mercy of your
beloved Son: Lord of all,/ Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness,/ for ever.
R. Amen.
04.B On Feast days of Our Lord: b’Ede Maranaye:
P. Hayel Maran w‘Alahan lamehaymenai... (TQ 2): Maran w‘Alahan!
Our Lord and Our God, strengthen us/ who rightly believe in your Name/ and sincerely confess the true faith,/ that we may celebrate the propitiatory Mysteries/ which sanctify the souls and bodies;/ that we may diligently render you priestly ministery,/ with hearts and minds free from all stain and evil thoughts,/ and praise you unceasingly/ for the redemption ganted to us/ in the abundant mercy of your goodness. Lord of all,/ Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, forever.
R. Amen.
04.C On Memoria-s and (ferial) Weekdays: b-Dukhrane wabhShhime:
P. Nestuged uneshtanbah... (M.1v; QS 8; V 213; TQ 3; K 33):
May the adorable and glorious name of the Father and of the Son
and of the Holy Spirit, of the blessed Trinity, be worshipped,
glorified, honoured, exalted, confessed and blessed in heaven and
on earth, at all times. Lord of all, for ever.
R. Amen.
05. MARMITHA: of the Day: Sundays, Feasts, Memoria-s, Weekdays:
05A. M.38= Ps 96-98: NR 1-3. Subhara DenhaQyamtaSlibha & Mushe &’
05B. M.56 = Ps 144-146: NR 82-84. Sauma Shlihe Qaytha ‘Elya &`
05C. M.57 = Ps 147-150: NR 252-54. Qudash‘Edtha. Immaculate Conception
05D. M.07 = Ps 19-21: NR 30-32. Dukrane: Yohannan Mamdana Giwargis.
05E. M.09 = Ps 25-27: NR 65-68. Dukrane: Mar Thoma Shliha Mar Aprem.
05F. M.12 = Ps 33 34: NR 38-40. Dukrane: Evangelists, Malpane, Pet-Paul.
05G. M.23 = Ps 62-64: NR 68-70. Dukrane: Patron-Sahada AdorHormezd
05H. M.33 = Ps 85 86: NR 58-60. Thursday of Ninivite Fast.
05I.M.34 = Ps 87 88: NR 77-78. Dukran ‘Anide:LastFriday of Denha.
05J. On Sundays: Ps 46 47 48 (of Easter: SM 92 94 etc for 96-98?)
05K. On Weekdays: Ps 15 150 116 (J.101v; M.1v; QS 8f; TR 7f; TQT 4f).
05L. On Ferial days: Ps 24:3-6 & 116. (MC 298-322; Nazrani 6/4:11).
Note: Marmitha begins with Qanona and ends with Shubh-ha (Glory be). Mazmora has its Qanona, after the 1st verse (repeated after qanona), and after Shubh-ha. Feastdays have some verse from Psalms, added before Shubh-ha. Such Verse & Response are called Aqaptha & Unaya. When Aqaptha & ‘Unaya of the DAY is (to be) sung, instead of qanona, sing thrice “halleluia” after first verse and after Shubh-ha. (see TEXT in Appendix-2.1, p.99-127).
06. AQAPThA U-UNAYA: of the Day:
06.1 Aqaptha: Verse from psalms, said before Shubhha of Marmitha.
06.2 ‘Unaya: Response-verse from psalms, eg. 06A. Ps.35:18 is:
06A.1) I will give you thanks in the great assembly (RE 12/8);
06A.2) I will praise you among many peoples (RE 12/8).
06. AQAPThA & UNAYA: for Feasts & Sundays & Dukrane:
06.A Ps 35:18 (NR 12; SM 10): after M.38; on feasts of our Lord.
06.B Ps 98:9 (MC 299): after M.38; on Sundays of Subhara Denaha etc
06.C Ps146:11(NR 84; SM 51): after M.56 on Pentecost, 12 Apostles
06.D Ps 46:4-5 (NR 17; SM 14): after M.57 on Sundays of Qudash‘Edta.
06.E Ps 1:3 (NR 215; SM 135): Shem‘on barShab‘e & Fathers-martyrs.
06.F Ps 5:11-12 (NR 44; SM 26): for Evangelists: Barnabas Timothy
06.G Ps 18:43 (NR 198; SM 225): Mar Thoma Sliha, Miracle-Cross.
06.H Ps 28:6-7 (NR 60 ; SM 39): Thursday of Ninevites.
06.I Ps 34:8 (NR 176; SM 112): Body & Blood of Xt:
06.J Ps 34:22 (NR NR 40; SM 23): Peter & Paul Greek Malpans 70 disciple
06.K Ps 37:32 (NR 32 68 70; SM 19 44): John BaptistPatron-Sahda.
06.L Ps 44:22 (NR 211; SM 132): Shmoni & her 7 Sons.
06.M Ps 52:8 (NR; SM 78): Hosa‘na: Palm Sunday.
06.N Ps 58:11-12 (NR 48; SM 29): Mar ‘Estapanos:
06.O Ps 88:18 (NR 78; SM 48): Dukrana d‘anide: of the Dead.
06.P Ps 92:12 (NR 68; SM 44): Patron-Confessor, Aprem,
06.Q Ps 98:2-3 (NR 283; SM 232): Galyana: Transfiguration.
06.R Ps 105:3-4 (NR 61; SM 41): Syriac Malpans: Mar Aprem.
06.S Ps 144:10 (SM 187): Sabas, Jerome, Ambrose, Francis de Sales.
06.T Ps 144: 18-19 (NR 171; SM 109): Friday of Gold.
(See TEXT in Appendix-2.2, p.125-127)
Note: After Marmitha Chaldeans go to Bema; but in summer (Qaitta) they go to the court-yard outside the church, where they have the Liturgy of the Word; they return to the church in procession, singing the ‘Onitha-Anthem of the Gospel (B.261; SM p.vii). So the Karozutha and Onitha d-Raze were anticipated in M (LM 305-7).
07. SLOThA daqdam ‘Onitha: Prayer before Anthem of Sanctuary:
07A. On Sundays and Feastdays: Qdam Tronos Mar... (M.2r K.38 TQ.5).
P. Before the glorious throne of you majesty, O my Lord,/ and the high and exalted seat of your excellence,/ and the awesome bema of the power of your love,/ and the propitiatory altar which your will has established,/ and the place where your glory dwells,/ we, your people, and the sheep of your pasture,/ with thousands of cherubim who sing “alleluia” to you/ and tens of thousands of seraphim and archangels who sing to you “holy”,/ kneel, worship, give thanks and glorify you, at all times: Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness (eternal), for ever.
R. Amen.
07B. On the Feasts of Our Lord: Qdam Bema... (of Mar Elia III, TQT 8)
P. Before the awesome bema of your majesty,/ and the sublime throne of your divinity,/ and the marvellous seat of your honour,/ and the glorious chair of your lordship,/ where the cherubim, your servants, sing “halleluia” to you unceasingly,/ and the seraphim glorify you singing “holy” incessantly,/ we kneel in fear, and worship in awe,/ and confess and glorify you without intermission,/ at all times: Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever (TQ 5; RE 12f/9).
R. Amen.
07C. On Memoria-s (and ferial days): Lashmak ranba... (TQ 6):
P. We are bound (indebted) to confess (thank), adore and glorify/
Q. your great and awesome, holy and adorable, magnificent and glorious name,/ and your blessed and incomprehensible Trinity/ and your (grace) goodness towards our mankind, at all times:/ Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
07.5. SLOThA D-BhESME: Prayer of (blessing) Frank-incense:
07.5A. BaShma[k] sgida wamshabaha nethbarkun Besme halen...
P. May this incense which we place (offer) for your honour, be blessed in your Name, O Creator of pleasant roots and sweet spices, that it may be for (pleasing) your will and for our redemption: Lord of all, for ever. Amen. (TK 6; TQT 10; TK-E 7).
07.5B. Bashma sgida wamshabaha d‘Abha... (QS 8; K 41; TQ 6):
P. In the adorable and praiseworthy name of the Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, of the glorious Trinity, may this incense be blessed, that it may please your will and obtain remission of the debts of the sheep of your fold (flock): Lord of all, for ever. Amen.
07.5C. Nebhsam lak Maran... (TR 27; TQT 46f; TK-E 29):
P. Our Lord and our God, may you be pleased with the sweet smoke which we offer to you before your holy altar, within your glorious temple (haikala). May it be for the gladness of your holy Name and for the pardon of your servants and of your flock, O Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever. Amen.
07.6 While incensing the Cross: Mishiha dqanbel Dma dSahade... (TR 27):
Adn O Christ, who accepted the blood of martyrs on the day of their martydom, accept these incense, by the grace of your mercy, from the hands of my weakness. Amen.
07.7 Over the Deacon: Mishiha n-bhasmak... (TQT 11; TK-E 7):
May Christ, by his grace and mercy, gladden you in his kingdom
and accept your service. Amen.
08. ONIThA D-QANKE: of the Day: Hymn of the Sanctuary at the Chancel):
(Priest intones the Hymn and incenses the Cross; he kisses the Cross,
and holds it to be kissed by others).
08A. ‘Onitha of 1st Sunday of Subhara: Slibha da-hwa lan...:
*May the Cross be for us a strong fortress:
that was the cause of all our good-things,
by that we mortal humans were set free (from death),
by that we will overcome Satan and all his snares.*
08A.1. U-bhe-hu nehade Lenban: (NR 3; SM 4; K 39; RE 13/9).
And in him (it) alone shall our hearts rejoice:
1) Slibha dahwa lan ‘elath Tabhatha:
May the cross that has been to us the cause of all good-things,
Ubhehu ‘ethharar Gensan Mayotha:
and by which our mortal race (humanity) was set free,
Hu Mar nehawe lan Sura hasina:
be (cross) for us, O Lord, a strong fortress,
Ubheh nezkev lBisa/ ukolhen Sen’athe.
and by that (cross) we shall overcome the wicked one/
and all his snares (devices).
08A.2. DbhaSmeh qandisa Sabhran. 2) Slibha da-hwa lan...
For our hope is in his (its) holy name:
2) May the cross be for us... all his devices.
08A.3 Subhha l‘Abha ulaBhra walaRuha daQudsa: (K 40)
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness
3) L’Edtakh Paroqan qandes baHananak:
Our Saviour, sanctify your Church by your mercy,
W‘ashra Taibuthakh bHaykala/ daprish l‘Iqarakh:
And make (cause) your grace dwell (reside) in the nave
(church),/ deidicated to your honour;
Wathros behaweh Madebahakh zahya:
And set in it your pure (holy) altar.
Da’lav mezdayyah Pagarakh waDmakh Marya.
Whereon, O Lord, your body and blood are to be sacrificed
08A.4. Min ‘alam a’dama l’alam: `Amen w`Amen. (K 40)
From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen.
4) Maran dabhRahamav ‘eshtaudi l’Abhdav:
O Lord who out of your mercy promised to your servants
D-kol d-sha‘el nasebh/ wadbha’e meshkah:
That all who ask shall receive/ and all who search find,
Mennakh shalinan Haila u’Udarana:
We beseech you for strength and help (aid)
D-negmor ba’bhadain Sebhyan Maruthakh.
to fulfil by our deeds the (holy) will of your Lordship.
08A.5. N‘emar kolle ‘ama: ‘Amen w‘Amen. 5) Slibha da-hwa lan...
Let all people proclaim: Amen and Amen.
5) May the cross be for us... all his devices.
(After the kissing, Cross is put on Bema).
D. Peace be with us.
Note: On weekdays: Gifts are prepared early (TR 11); Veil is put.
09. SLOThA d-Laku Mara: Prayer before “Lord of all”.
09A. On Sundays and Feast days: Uma dpa‘ah ban... (K 40)
P. When the sweet fragrance of your love, O Lord our God, beathes over us,/ and our souls are enlightened with the knowledge of your truth,/ may we be found worthy to receive from heaven the manifestation of your beloved Son,/ and thank and praise you unceasingly in your Church,/ crowned like a spouse and full of all help and blessing. For you are the Lord and Creator of all,/ Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
09B. B’Ede Maranaye: for special feasts of our Lord.
09C. On Memoria-s and Weekdays: U’al ‘Appai kolehon... (QS 10; V 215):
P. O Lord our God, for every help and grace you have given us,/ for which we can never repay you enough,/ we thank and glorify you unceassingly in your Church,/ crowned like a spouse, and full of all help and blessing. For you are Lord and Creator of all,/ Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
Note: Shemeon Bar-Shaba (324-41) introduced it (Fabian-Qurbana, p.50).
Prayers over Gifts were said before Laku Mara (TR 11) & the Veil drawn.
Gunde b-Qanke (upper choir- in sanctuary) begins Laku Mara.
10. LAKU MARA D-KOLLA...: Lord of all...: (M 2r; QS 10; V 215; TQ 7)
10.1 Priest begins & (upper choir) people on north-right side joins:
Laku Mara d-kolla maudenan: Lord of all, we praise you;
Ulak Isho Mishiha meshabahinan:Jesus Christ, we glorify you;
D‘attu Menahammana d-Pagarain:For, you are the Quickener of our bodies
W‘attu Paroqa tabha d-Naphshathan.and the gracious Saviour of our souls
10.2 Deacon starts & (lower choir) people on south-left side joins:
10.2A. On Sundays and Feastdays:
Tau l-maudayu l-Marya/ walmezmar laSmak meraima: (TQ 7).
It is good (right) to thank you, O Lord,/ and to sing praises
to your name, O Most High:
Laku Mara...: Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
10.2B. B’Ede Maranaye: for each feast of our Lord: —-
10.2C. On Memoria-s and Weekdays:
‘Ashingeth dakhya‘ith ‘idai/ w‘thkaketh leMadbahak Marya:
I washed my hands clean,/ and went around your altar, O Lord:
Laku Mara...: Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
For Ramsa & Sapra: Leader of the Community begins:
10.2D. In a church /chapel:
I rejoiced when they said to me:/
We are going to the House of the Lord:
Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
10.2E. In a house or other place:
God, you are in every place;/ receive our supplications:
Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
10.2F. On a journey:
Lord, show me your paths;/ and make known to me your footpaths:
Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
Note: Roman Taksa of 1774 joined “Glory be & From age” with “wau” (and); this error from Taksa of 1767 was corrected in a Taksa of 1774 kept in monastery of Mannanam, says Fabian (Qurbana, p.52). It is customary that Priest says: Glory be..., eg. at the end of Psalms.
10.3 (P) Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness: Laku Mara...: Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
10.4 (D) From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen:
Laku Mara...: Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
10.5 (P) Let all people say: Amen and Amen:
Lord of all, we praise you ... of our souls.
D. Let us pray; peace be with us.
11. SLOThA: ‘
P. You, O my Lord, are indeed the quickener of our bodies,/ and the gracious saviour of our souls,/ and the constant preserver of our lives. O my Lord, we are bound (indebted) to thank, adore and glorify you: Lord of all, for ever.
R. Amen.
11.5 SLOThA on Sundays: Lak Qandisha... (Syriac Breviary, p. 298):
O Holy One, who are holy by nature and glorious by essence, high and excellent above all by divinity, the eternally adored and blessed nature: we thank, worship and praise you always: Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
12. QAnDIShA ‘ALAHA: Holy God (M 2r; QS 11; V 216; K 41; TQ 8).
12.1. D. ‘Arim Qalekon ushanbah kolle ‘amma l‘Alaha hayya.
Raise your voices, all you people, and praise the living God.
12.2. Upper choir or those in sanctuary begin:
Qandisha ‘Alaha: Holy God,
Qandisha Haylthana: Holy Mighty One,
Qandisha la-mayotha: Holy Immortal one,
‘Ethraham ‘alain. Have mercy on us.
12.3. Priest starts and people on north-right sing:
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit ofHoliness.
Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal one, Have mercy on us.
12.4. Deacon replies and people on south-left sing:
From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen:
Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal one, Have mercy on us.
13. SLOThA: Qandisha washbhiha... (K 42 TQ 10).
O Holy and Glorious One, O Mighty and Immortal One, who dwell in the saints, and whose will is accomplished in them, we beseech you; O my Lord, look upon us, pardon us, and have mercy on us, as you are wont to, at all times: Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
TULMADA: WORD OF GOD PROCLAIMED
14. QINTA/ ZUMARA: On Great Feastdays (TQ 11):
Note: Qinta is often added to Shuraya-1 & its Punaya (F-Q 70f).
It is better to sing it here to inform people of the Feast celebrated.
14A. L-Mawlade (L‘Amade/ LaQyamta/ L-Sulaqa/ l-Gelyana) d-Maran:
*Nyaqar ba-Zmiratha d-Ruha: *Halleluia, ‘Ehalleluia (2).
Let us celebrate the feast of Nativity/ Baptism/ Resurrection/
Ascension/ Revelation of our Lord: *with hymns of the Spirit:
*Halleluia, ‘Ehalleluia, ‘Ehalleluia.
R. *Halleluia, ‘Ehalleluia, ‘Ehalleluia.
14B. L-Dukrane d-qandisha—: d-Mar Thoma Shliha: *Nyaqar...
Let us honour the memory of Saint—:
*with hymns of the Spirit: *Halleluia—.
Note:
Following Latin custom, instead of halleluia (3), *Glory be to you, O God (3)* was sung (cf 18C & 22C) “with the hymns of the Spirit”.
14C. L-Dukrane d’annida... *Nyaqar...: *Shubhha lak ‘Alaha (3)*:
Let us honour the memory of... *with hymns of the Spirit: *Glory* 14C-1 Let us honour the memory of the demised Pope /Bishop /Priest: *with hymns...: *Glory*
14C-2 Let us honour the memory of the deceased deacon: *with hymns...
14C-3 Let us honour the memory of the departed man /woman: *with hymns...: *Glory*
D. Let us pray; peace be with us.
15. SLOThA daqdam Qeryane: Prayer before OT Readings (RE 19/15):
Note: Chaldeans say it on Memoria-s and during Fast except on Sundays; but RE 19/15 says: On other days and on Sundays in Lent!
15A.Lak Medabrana hakima... (QS 11; K 46; V 217; TQT 14f; TQ 10):
O wise Ruler and marvellous Provider of your household,/ and the great Treasure-house, pouring forth all help and blessing by your mercy, we beseech you; O my Lord, illumine us with the knowledge of your Greatness, and grant us the grace that we may meditate on your books (words) and be guided by your life-giving and divine precepts (TK-E 10f), at all times: Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
15B. Manhar laMlile... (TQT 16; TK-E 11): (to be short).
O my Lord, who enlighten rational beings by the knowledge of your Majesty, illumine our thoughts that we may meditate upon your holy and divine scriptures at all times: O Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever. R. Amen.
Note: Reader used to wear Urala (Urara-royal sign) during the reading. It shows Deacons used to read the OT books (F-Q 65-67).
16. SEPRA: Torah (Law) or Book of... (1st
16.1 Qaroya-1 (reader) goes to the Priest, (kisses his hand) and bowing to him says: Barek-mar: Bless, my Lord. Priest blesses him:
16.2A. Brik ‘Alaha, Mare-Kol... (TR 13; K 43; TQ 9):
Blessed be God, the Lord of all, who makes us wise with his holy teaching; may his mercy be showered upon the reader and the listeners, at all times, for ever. Reader: Amen.
16.2B. ‘Alaha Mare-kol n-hakmak... (TQT 12f; TK-E 9):
May God, the Lord of all, give you wisdom by his holy doctrines. May his mercy and compassion abound on the reader and the hearers. By his grace and kindness, may you be a pure mirror to all who listen and hear the word of teachings through your mouth. Reader: Amen.
16.3 Qaroya-1: replying Amen, goes to the left-south side.
16.4 Natar-Taksa says: Tebh washlaw: Sit down and be attentive (K 43; TR 16).
16.5 Qaroya-1: My brethren [a reading from] the book of...
16.6 R. Shubhha lMarya Alahan: Praise be to the Lord, our God.
16.7 R. at the end of the reading: Praise be to the Lord, our God.
17. NeBhYUThA: Prophecy of... (2nd
17.1 Qaroya-2 (reader) goes to the Priest, (kisses his hand) and bowing to him says: Barek-mar: Bless, my Lord. Priest blesses him:
17.2A. ‘Alaha Mare-Kol n-hailak... (TQT 13; TK-E 9):
May God the Lord of all, by his mercy and compassion, strengthen you and make you wise by his holy doctrines. R. Amen.
17.2B. Blessed be God, the Lord of all, who makes us wise with his holy teaching; may his mercy be showered upon the reader and the listeners, at all times, for ever. R. Amen.
17.2C. May God the Lord of allbless you!
17.3 Qaroya-2: replying: Amen, goes to the left-south side.
17.4 Natar-Taksa says: Shlau: Be silent (attentive). (TR 16).
17.5 Qaroya-2: My brethren [a reading from] the prophecy of...
17.6 R. Praise be to the Lord, our God.
17.7 R. at the end of the reading: Praise be to the Lord, our God.
18. ShURAYA-1: of the day: Responsorial Psalm is sung (TQ 11).
18A. Antiphon: On Sundays and Feastdays (Ps 19:1-2; K 43):
P. Shmayya meshta’en Shubhhe d‘Alaha: Halleluia (thrice):
01-The heavens show forth the glory of God; Halleluia (3 times).
02-And the firmament declares the works of His hands; Halleluia-3
03-The day utters the speech to the day; Halleluia (3).
04-Glory be to the Father ...; Halleluia (3).
05-From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen; Halleluia (3).
18B. Other Shuraya-s follow (See Appendix-2.3), eg. 18C.
—————
18C. Shuraya-s for the Dead (K 44-45; K-RE 26-28; cf n.14C):
*In Raza for the Dead, for Halleluia, say *Glory be to you, O God (3)*
(= *Glory*).
18C-1. For a deceased Pope, Bishop, or Priest:
P. Ma rehameth Namosak... (K 44).
01-How much I loved your law,
and the whole day it was my meditation: *Glory*
02-Make me wiser than my enemies,
for I have kept your commandments: *Glory*
03-Give me understanding more than all my instructors,
because your testimony was my meditation: *Glory*
04-Glory be to the Father ... Holy Spirit: *Glory*
05-From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen: *Glory*.
18C-2. For a Deceased Deacon: P. B-Qal l-Marya qreth... (K 44).
01-In my voice I cried to the Lord;
in my voice I besought the Lord: *Glory*
02-And I have poured forth my tribulation before him: *Glory*
03-Glory be to the Father... Holy Spirit: *Glory*
04-From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen: *Glory*
18C-3. For a Man or Woman: P.Marya ‘Alaha dPurqan... (K 45).
01-O Lord, God of my salvation: *Glory*
02-Both day and night have I cried to you: *Glory*
03-Glory be to the Father... Holy Spirit: *Glory*
04-From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen: *Glory*
—————
D-1: Let us pray; peace be with us.
19. SLOThA daqdam Shliha: Prayer before the Epistle (QS 11; K 46):
Natar-Taksa:
19A. Anahar-lan Maran... (M 4r; QS 11; V 217; TQ 9; TR 14):
P. Our Lord and our God, illumine our minds that we may pay attention to and understand the sweet voice of your life-giving and divine commandments. Grant us by your grace and mercy that we may receive the increase (gather the fruits) of love and hope from them and the salvation that is beneficial to the soul and the body; and that we may sing to you constant praise, without ceasing, at all times: Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness for ever.
R. Amen.
19B. Lak Semeha—- (TQT 15; TK-E 10f): (to be short).
O Brightness of the Father’s glory and the image of Qnoma of the Begeter (Yaloda), who manifested yourself in our humanity, enlighten our souls by the light of your Gospel, that we may be guided by your life-giving and divine commands: Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
(Priest & Adn take their seats; Deacons who sing Turgama say Barek-mar, and priest blesses them saying:)
19.5 Alaha Mare-kol n-hayyel... (TQT 15f; TK-E 11):
P. May God the Lord of all, by his grace and mercy, strengthen your thoughts and make your tunes melodious that you may sing his praises. R. Amen.
20. TURGAMA-1: daqdam Shliha: of the day: Commentary (TQ 10).
20.A. O d’eztaman... (K 47; K-RE 31. RE 20f/15f).
01-O you who are summoned by a great inspiration (power of God)
to the bride chamber of life for the banquet of the King
of the inhabitants of heaven and earth:
02-Examine in the fire of the gospel
and cleanse (purify) in the divine furnace
your mind (heart) of all worldly thoughts.
03-The Lord has thrown open a treasure of happiness
before the seekers and has said to the sinners:
Come and take back the chirograph of your debts!
04-Purify your hearts and be converted like unto little children
that you may be made heirs and domestics of heavenly kingdom.
05-Behold! it is preached unto you in spiritual voices,
and also a way is open for you to the eternal bliss.
06-You have to turn away, like Paul the Hebrew,
from the shadow of precepts to the law of truth.
07-The Lord found him very enthusiastic
and zealous among the people of
and called him to be zealous of Christian people.
08-Behold him struck blind in the traditions of old law,
and then his eyes were opened by the power of the law of Jesus
09-He expellled from his mind all deceitful thoughts/ and becoming
an Apostle he proclaimed his power among the Greeks.
10-It is just that we listen to his glorious and trustful words.
Now he preaches by his Epistle to the Corinthians/ Ephesians.
20B. —-
21. ShLIHA/ EnGARTA: Apostle/ Epistle of Paul to...
21.1 Deacon kisses the hand of the Priest and bowing to him says:
Barek-mar: Bless, my Lord.
21.2 Priest blesses him: Mishiha n-hakmakh... (K.48).
May Christ make you wise in his holy teaching and make you a beautiful mirror to those who listen to you, and hear the word of teaching from your mouth by the grace of his mercy.
21.3 Deacon, replying: Amen, goes to the north-right of Qestroma.
21.4 Natar-Taksa: Bshelya hawau washlau: Be quiet and attentive!
(TR 16). A minister with a lighted candle stands near the Deacon,
who facing the people, reads the “Apostle” or Epistle:
21.5 My brethren! Apostle Paul’s Epistle to the... Corinthians/
21.6 R. Shubhha laMishiha Maran!: Praise be to Christ, our Lord.
21.7 R. at the end of the reading: Praise be to Christ, our Lord.
21.8 Deacon: sings Halleluia (thrice). They sing Shuraya/ Zumara.
22. ShURAYA-2: Resp. Ps. after Epistle =Zummara: of the Day:
22.A. Antiphon: On Sundays and Feastdays: (Ps.45:1; K 48; RE 22):
P. Anba’ lenbe Pethgame tabhe: Halleluia, Halleluia:
01-O my heart, utter good verses: Halleluia (2).
02-And I recount my works to the king: Halleluia (2).
03-My tongue is like the pen of a clever scribe: Halleluia (2).
04-Glory be to the Father...: Halleluia (2).
05-From age to age, for ever,...: Halleluia (2).
22B. Other Shuraya-s (EO 2:152) follow (See Appendix-2.4).
22C. Shuraya-s for the Dead: (K 49-50; K-RE 34-36).
For Halleluia, say: *Glory be to you, O God (2)* (= *Glory*).
22C-1. For a deceased Pontiff, Bishop or Priest (K 49. K-RE 34):
01-Iwashed my hands clean and went around your altar, O Lord: *Glory*
02-That I may voice forth (the sound of) your glory: *Glory*
03-And that I may proclaim all your wonders: *Glory*
04-Glory be to the Father... Holy Spirit: *Glory*
05-From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen: *Glory*
22C-2. For a deceased Deacon (K 49; K-RE 35):
01-O Lord, I loved the service of your house: *Glory*
02-And the place of the habitation of your glory: *Glory*
03-Do not destroy me together with the sinners: *Glory*
04-Glory be to the Father... Holy Spirit: *Glory*
05-From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen: *Glory*
22C-3. For a deceased Man or Woman (K 49; K-RE 36):
01-Behold! You work wonders on behalf of the dead: *Glory*
02-And they will arise strengthened and confess you: *Glory*
03-And those from the graves will narrate your mercy: *Glory*
04-Glory be to the Father... Holy Spirit: *Glory*
05-From age to age, for ever, Amen and Amen: *Glory*
———
D-1: Peace be with us. D-2: Barek-mar. Bless, O my lord!
Priest blesses Deacons for singing Turgama-2 (cf 19.5).
23.0. ‘Alaha Mare-kol nehayyel... (TK 9; TK-E 11).
May God, the Lord of all, strengthen your thoughts, by His grace and mercy, that you may sing His praises and render your tunes melodious. R. Amen. (n.19.5).
(Priest & Adn remain seated, while Deacons sing at Qanke):
23. TURGAMA-2: daqdam Evangalyon: Commentary before Gospel.
23A. O damahaymanin... (K 51; K-RE 39. RE 23/19).
01-O believers in the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit!
come and listen to the words
that give health to the body and life to the soul.
02-The Son of God was like a man among men,
and by his command he liberated men from sin.
03-He opened before you a great treasure: this sermon;
and this entire book is full of life and happiness.
04-Devils flee and evil spirits depart in fear,
when they hear this living and life-giving word.
05-This is the light; this is the truth; this is the life;
he who is preached in it, is the one
who judges the living and the dead.
06-You have to know that all nations are saved by him;
believe firmly that all sins are forgiven by him.
07-The sower has gone to sow the word for the seed,
offer before him your hearts for the fields.
08-His voice (word) is life and happiness, kindness and mercy;
his sermon is hope and life, kindness and happiness.
09-Blessed is he believes in him and trust in his word;
for, even if he is dead, he shall live;
and if alive, he shall not die in his faults (sin).
10-The only-begotten, Son of God, came into this world;
he was born from a virgin, in an excellent nature,
except the angels (Rev. 12:7).
11-He healed the sick, he raised the dead, he cast out devils;
he loosened death, he died, he became alive, he rose up,
and ascended into heaven.
12-He sent the Spirit to his disciples and made them wise,
and sent them to the four quarters of the world,
to preach the gospel.
13-This is the door through which anyone enters the house of kingdom
this is the way entirely free from all snares (pitfalls).
14-This is the voice which if heard makes even the dead alive,
and this is the sermon which if despised makes even the living dead.
15-And now Mathew (Mark /Luke /John) explains (comments on)
what he has seen and heard;
and so let him hear, who has ears to hear.
23B. Other Turgama-2 follows.
24. SLAWATHA: Prayers before the Gospel: (TR.15; TQT 15; TQ 11):
24.1 Reyha Mar hanniya... Prayer for blessing the incense (TQ 11):
P. May the sweet scent which wafted forth from you, O Lord, when Mary, the sinner, poured fragrant ointment on your head, be mixed in this incense which we offer in your honour and for the pardon of our debts and sins: Lord of all, for ever, Amen. (TK-E 12).
24.2 Lakh Semha... (V 218): Priest bowing before the Gospel says:
O Splendour of the Glory of your Father, and Image of the Qnoma (hypostasis) of your Genitor! you were manifest in the body our own humanity, and illumined the darkness of our mind by the light of your Gospel: We praise, worship and glorify you, at all times: Lord of all, for ever, Amen. (Priest incenses the Gospel).
24.3 Hakemayn... (QS 12; V 218; TQQ 5; TK 9; TQT 16; TQ 12).
P. Make us wise in your law, and enlighten our faculties with your knowledge, and sanctify our souls by your truth, that we may be obedient to your words, and fulfilling your precepts, at all times: Lord of all, for ever, Amen. (Gospel is solemnly taken to the door of Qanke, or to Bema: with 2 candles, cross & thurible).
24.4 Deacon:
(Let us) Stand ready to listen to the holy Gospel (Staumen Kales).
25. EVANGALYON: GOSPEL is solemnly read by the Bishop /Priest
who blesses the people with Gospel, saying loudly:
25.1 Shlama ‘amakhon! Peace be with you! He signs people with it
25.2 R. And with you, and with your spirit!
25.3 P. ‘Evangalyon... The Holy Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ:
the preaching (Karozutha) of Mathew (Mark/ Luke/ John):
25.4 R. Praise be to Christ, our Lord.
R. (after the reading) Praise be to Christ, our Lord.
25.5 Shubh-ha l-Rahame... (V 218): Priest kissing the Gospel says:
Praise be to the Eternal Mercy that has sent you to us,
O Christ, Light of the world and Life of all, for ever. Amen
25.6 After the Gospel (kissed also by people), they sing as follows:
25.6A. Mattai uMarkos uLuka uYohannan:
Slothkhon tehawe Shura l-Naphshathan (TQ 13; TR 16).
Mathew, Mark, Luke and John,
May your prayers be a fortress for our souls!
25.6B. Kthabha ranba... ranba Marya: (cf n.26):
The great Book of the Gospel: of Christ the King and our Saviour:
Four wonderful writers composed their books by the inspiration of the Spirit: Mathew for the faithful of Judea, and Mark for those in
26. ONITHA D’EVANGALYON: Anthem of the Gospel: (B.261; K 51).
26A. Kthabha ranba... Halleluia (3): (K 51; K-RE 37f; TQ 13).
26A.1 DabhResh Kthabhe kthibh ‘alai (2)
For at the head of the books it is written of me:
Kthabha daSbharthe: deMalka Meshiha Paroqan:
The great Book of the Gospel of our Saviour, Christ the King:
Arb’a Sapra dThedmurta: bHeil Ruha qbha’u Sepraihon:
Four wonderful writers composed their books
by the inspiration of the Spirit:
Mattai laMehaimane dbhayhud: uMarkos lehanon dabhRome:
Mathew for the faithful of Judea, and Mark for those in
ULuka laBhnai ‘Agebhttos: uYohannan l‘Appassaye:
And Luke for the Egyptians, and John for the Ephesians.
Uhasha b‘arb’apenyatha: bSepraihon ha meth-hagein:
Now, behold, everywhere people meditate on their writings,
Kad masqin Shubh-ha: leHailakh ranba Marya.
While praising your great power, O Lord!
26A.2 Leme’bhad Sebhyanak ‘Alaha sbheith: Kthabha ranba...
I desired, O God, to do your will: The great Book... O Lord!
26A.3 Subh-ha l‘Abha ulaBhra walaRuha daQudasa: Kthabha ranba...
Glory be to the Father...: The great Book... O Lord!
26B. The Anthem of the Gospel (B.261):
26B.1. God is gone up with a merry noise:
and the Lord with the sound of the trump(et-blast).
*The First-fruits who took our nature is gone up to heaven of heavens on high, the only-begotten Word of the Father celebrated in procession with chariots of cherubim, and has opened a way for our race and made peace in the height and in the depth and made them rejoice in the day of his ascension. He has entered into the divine holy of holies to exercise his priesthood for our salvation and has st down on the seat of his kingdom at the right hand of the Father who sent him, and has lifted us up with him and set us on his right hand, as it is written. Glorify and confess him with fear and love for this grace, for he is the head and substance of the holy church. Beseech him and beg of him that he pity us.* (B.261).
26B.2. He rode upon the cherubim and did fly.
You are gone up on high, you have led captivity captive.
*The First-fruits... that he pity us.*
26B.3. Glory be to the Father & to the Son & to the Spirit of Holiness.
In the great day of the Ascension of the heavenly king of kings to the great height of heaven he lifted up his holy hands and blessed the company of the apostles and was separated from the disciples and ascended in glory into heaven and a cloud of light received him and he was hid from their sight and the disciples saw him not. And behold two angels standing in white apparel and saying to the company of the apostles: Ye men, why do you stand gazing up into heaven? This same Jesus who is taken up shall come in glory in the great day of the resurrection”. The disciples returned in sorrow from the mount called the
27. AMORUTHA: Homily (TQT 17).
Deacon: Tebh washlaw: Be seated and attentive (TQT 17).
Note: In Simple Qurbana, as Gospel and Cross may be brought to Bema (table) in the opening procession (Directives of 1989, n.6), so they may be taken to the altar before Karozutha by Deacons. Sanctuary Veil is spread before Karozutha.
INTERCESSION - INTENTIONS
28. KAROZUTHA-1: N-qum shapir... Abha d-Rahame... (K-RE 45; B.262)
28A. On Sundays & Feasts: Add petitions marked with cross (+).
Let us all stand up properly in joy and cheerfulness,
and let us beseech and say: Maran ‘Ethraham ‘alain!
R. *Lord, have mercy on us! = Have mercy on us, O Lord* = *Lord*
28B. On weekdays: Let us all stand up properly in (sorrow and solitude)
repentance and earnestness, and let us beseech and say: *Lord*
01-Father of mercies and God of all solace, we beseech you: *Lord*
02-Our Saviour, the procurer of our salvation,
and the provider of all things, we beseech you: *Lord*
03-For the peace, harmony and stability of the whole world,
and of all Churches, we beseech you: *Lord*
04-For our country (land) and for all countries
and for those who live therein in faith, we beseech you: *Lord*
05-For a moderate climate and a seasonable year, for the produce of
fruits, and for the properity of the whole world, we beseech you: *Lord*
06-For the welfare of our holy Fathers (name Pope, Patriarch, Metropolitan
and Bishop) and all their ministers, we beseech you: *Lord*
(Add on Sundays the petitions marked with cross +)
07-+For the kings who have power in this world, we beseech you: *Lord*
08-Merciful God, who govern all with love, we beseech you: *Lord*
09-+For orthodox presbyters and deacons and all our brotherhood in Christ,
we beseech you: *Lord*
10-Who are rich in mercy and generous in kindness, we beseech you *Lord*
11-+Who are before all ages, and whose power abides for ever,
we beseech you: *Lord*
12-Who are good by nature, and the giver of all good things,
we beseech you: *Lord*
13-Who have no pleasure in the death of a sinner but desire that he repent
of his wickedness and live, we beseech you: *Lord*
14-Who are glorified in heaven and worshipped on earth,
we beseech you: *Lord*
15-+Who in your holy (ascension) made the earth to rejoice and
the heavens to be glad, we beseech you: *Lord*
16-Who are immortal by nature, and dwell in the excellent light,
we beseech you: *Lord*
17-+ O Saviour of all men and specially of those believing in you,
we beseech you: *Lord*
18-O Christ our Lord, save us all by your grace, and increase in us (our midst)
your peace and tranquility and have mercy upon us.
29. KAROZUTHA-2: N-sale unebh‘e... ‘Al ‘Edta... K 54-57; B.263.
Natar-Taksa: *Let us pray and beseech God, the Lord of all,* (= *let*)
that He hear the voice of our prayer with favour and
accept our petition and have mercy on us. R. Amen.
01-For the Holy Catholic Church which is here and every where: *let*
that his peace and tranquility (dwell) abide therein until the
end of the world. R. Amen.
02-For our Fathers the Bishops and Pastors: *let* that they may stand
at the head of all their dioceses (parishes) and govern their
sheep (free from) without blame and blemish all the days of their life. R. Amen.
03-And especially for our holy Fathers NN (Bishop Mar..., Metropolitan
Mar..., Patriarch Mar..., and Pope Mar..., head of the whole
*let* that he may keep and sustain them in the governing of all their (dioceses)
sheep that they may be able to feed them, minister to them,
and prepare them to the Lord a perfect people, desiring of good and honest works.
R. Amen.
04-For priests and deacons, devoted to the service of truth: *let*
that they may render Him service with good heart and pure conscience. R. Amen.
05-For all who have embraced the chaste and holy state of life, the
offspring of holy catholic Church: *let* that they may complete
the noble course of their sanctification and receive from the
Lord their hope and reward in the land of the living. R. Amen.
06-For the memory of Blessed Martha Mariam, Virgin and Holy Mother
of the living God, our Saviour and Life-giver: *let* that the same
Holy Spirit who dwelt in her sanctify us through His grace,
accomplish in us His will, and corroborate us in His truth, all
the days of our life. R. Amen.
07-For the memory of prophets and apostles, martyrs and confessors *let*
that by their prayers and sufferings he may give us good hope and
salvation with them, and render us worthy of their happy
memory and their living and true reward in the kingdom of heaven.
R. Amen.
08A-For the memory of our holy Fathers and Doctors of the truth:
Mar Aprem, Gregory, Basil, John (Chrysostom), Athanasius,
Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, and all true teachers and priests:
08B-For the memorial of our holy Fathers, Mar Diodore and Mar
Theodore and Mar Nestorius, bishops and doctors of the truth,
and Mar Aprem and Mar Narsai and Mar Abraham, and all the holy,
ancientand true doctors (B.264): *let* that by their prayersand
entreaties the pure truth of their doctrine in their confession
and profession of faith may be kept up all over the holy catholic
Church, until the end of the world. R. Amen.
09-In memory of our parents and brethren, true believers, who have
died and departed from this world in the true faith and its
orthodox confession (praiseworthy profession): *let*
that he absolve them and grant them the remission of their faults and
transgressions, and make them worthy to enjoy the bliss in
company with the just and the saintly, who pleased Him. R. Amen.
10-For this country and its inhabitants and for this city/ village and
its dwellers, and especially for this assembly of ours: *let*
that our Lord and God may by his mercy avert from us the sword and slavery,
plunder and tumult, famine and pestilence, and all malignant afflictions,
whatever is harmful to the body. R. Amen.
11-For all those who have gone astray from the true faith,
and are entrapped in the snares of Satan: *let*
that he avert the hardness of their heart and make them know (they may acknowledge)
that (God is one, the Father of truth) One is true God the Father,
and His Son Jesus Christ, our Lord. R. Amen.
Natar-Taksa stops; Deacon-1 says: Barek Mar! (K-RE 51), and
Priest: May God, the Lord of all, enable you to sing his praises.
12-For all those who are dangerously ill or tempted by bad spirits
*let* that Our Lord and God in the excess of grace and mercy may
send his angel of mercy and health to visit, treat, heal and help them. R. Amen.
13-For the poor and the needy, orphans and widows, the troubled and
the oppressed, and all those mentally afflicted in this world:
*let* that he nourish them in his grace and console them in his
mercy, and deliver them from all who leads them by violence of evil. R. Amen.
14-Pray and beseech for mercy from God, the Lord of all,
that you may be his kingdom, holy priests and people (B.266);
cry unto the Lord God Almighty with your whole heart and soul;
because he is God the Father: kind, merciful and clement, who
does not will (wish) that his creatures perish but that they
return to him and live before him. R. Amen.
15-And especially (it is proper that) we are bound to pray and praise,
adore and glorify, honour and extol the One adorable God, the
Father and the Lord of all, who has through His Christ given us
good hope and salvation to our souls, that He may perfect in us
his grace, mercy and kindness, until the end. R. Amen.
30. TUYABhA D-KASA WAD-PILASA: Chalice & Paten are prepared:
Veil is spread during Karozutha. Adn comes in after 1st Karozutha to prepare them in Raza.
30.1 Kasa-chalice is incensed (J.103r; M.3r; QS 15; TQ 16; RE 28/23).
Make this chalice fragrant like the chalice of Aaron, the holypriest,
in the Tabernacle of the covenant: Our Lord and God, who are the Lord
of fragrant roots and of sweet smelling spices: in the name of the Father,
and of the Son and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
30.2 Prayerfully prepared wine is poured into the chalice:
Meshtpa’ Dma yaqir... (J.103r; TQ 14; change in M.3r):
The precious Blood is shed in (to) the chalice of our Lord Jesus Christ:
in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
30.3 Drops of water are added (poured) into chalice:
‘Etha Had min ‘Esttrattiotte... (J.103r; TQ 14):
One of the soldiers came and pierced the side of our Lord with a spear, and at once (immediately) there came out blood and water; and he who saw it has born witness, and his testimony is true: in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
Note: In Menesian Mass, wine is poured again with the prayer (n.30.4) that contradicts the other prayers (n.30.2) and destroys the symbolism. It is absent in J & in Latin Missal; so omit it!
30.4 Meth-hallatt Hamra bMayya... (M.3r; LM 301; B 251):
Wine is mixed with water and water with wine: in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
30.5 Pilsa-paten is incensed:
Our Lord and our God, make this paten fragrant, like the paten of Aaron,
the holy priest, in the tabernacle: in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
30.6 Bukhra-bread, prepared with special prayers (B 247-251), is placed on paten:
This paten is signed with the sacred Body of our Lord Jesus Christ:
in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
30.7 Shoshapa-Veil is incensed (M.3r; LM 300; QS 15):
Our Lord and God, make this Veil fragrant like the Veil of Elias the true Prophet:
in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
30.8 Meqablana-pallium (TQT 91; QS 15):
Our Lord and God, make this pall(ium) fragrant: in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
30.9 Kethana: Our Lord and God, make this corporal fragrant:
30.10 in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Spirit of Holiness. Amen.
(They go to Bema/ Pathora: K 57).
31. KAROZUTHA-3: b-Bha‘utha... K 4; K-RE 53. Deacon-2 says:
01-Through petition and supplication we ask for the angel of peace and mercy.
R. *We ask from you, O Lord* (= *ask*).
02-By day and night, all through our life, we ask for the Church
for a lasting peace and a life without sin; *ask*
03-we ask for concord of charity which is the bond of perfection
in the fulness of the Holy Spirit; *ask*
04-We ask for remission of sins, and for whatsoever is profitable to our life
and pleasing to your divinity; *ask*
05-We ask for the constant mercy and kindness of the Lord at all times; *ask*
06-Let us commend our-selves (souls) and each one of us,
to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness.
07-R. We commend our souls to you, O Lord, our God.
Note: At the end of Karozutha, the sanctuary veil is drawn apart. Priest goes to the Bema
or the middle of Sanctuary (Mad-baha: altar), and with extended hands prays in a loud voice.
32. SLOTHA: Prayer after Karozwatha: Lakh Marya ‘Alaha...
(QS 16; K 57f; K-RE 57f; V 222; TQ 16; RE 30f/25)
P. Lord, God Almighty, we implore and beseech you; perfect in us your grace, and pour forth your gifts through our hands; may your mercy and the kindness of your divinity become for (cause) the remission of the debts of your people, and forgiveness of the sins of all the sheep of your flock (fold), which you have chosen for yourself by your grace and mercy. (Add n.35.2). Lord of all, Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever.
R. Amen.
Note: To be short, in Simple Qurbana on weekdays, omit n.33-35 and add n.35.2. Before Burktha in Raza (n.33) or Siamida on Sundays (n.35) D.: says n.32.2. There are two bowings and two blessings (H-IL n.1083; F-Q 125f.).
32.2 Barek-mar; Arkan Reshaykon laSiamida uqanbel Burktha (K 58).
Adn: Bless, my Lord. Bow down your heads for the imposition of hands/ and receive the blessing. (n.33 or n.35 follows).
BLESSING: BURKHTHA & SIAMIDA
(J.103r; M.4r; QS 16; K 58-60; TQ 17).
33. BURKThA IN RAZA: SOLEMN BLESSING IN RAZA: (K 58-60):
33.1 SLOTHA D-BURKTHA: Marya ‘Alaha angen Yammina... (TR 17f; TQ 17):
Our Lord and our God, stretch out your right hand of mercy on the Catholic and
33.2 L‘alam wal‘alm ‘almin (2). Yamin Rahamaik Maran Isho’ angen
w‘ashra ‘al ‘Amak u’Ana d-Mari’thak: (K 60; B.270; RE 34/28).
D-1: For ever and for ever, and for all ages! (twice). (B.269).
Make the right hand of your mercy, Jesus, Our Lord, to overshadow
and abide on your people and the sheep of your pasture.
33.3 Marya Rahamayk l‘alam. Wa‘bhad ‘idayk la tarpen b‘idai Bisha.
D-2: Your mercy, O Lord, endures for ever! Do not cast us, the work of your hands, into the hands of the wicked! (Evil one)!
Ushauzebhain min Nesyone: (K 60; RE 34/28).
But save us from temptations.
33.4 Marya asar Shuwdayak ak d‘eshtaudit lathre’sartak: (K 60).
D-1: O Lord, make good [also for us] the promises you made to the Twelve [Apostles]. (B.270; RE 34/27).
33.5 Ha ‘enna `amkon `ithai ‘adama l-Shulam d-Yaumatha: (K 60; B.270).
Priest: Behold! I am with you unto the end of days! (4 times).
(Priest kisses 4 sides of Bema for 4 corners of the world).
33.6 Hawi ‘aman ak d’am Shlihaik byad ‘Udrana dmin Taibuthak: (K 60).
R. Be with us as with your [Twelve] Apostles by the help of your grace (4 times).
Note: Priest kisses the 4 sides of bema-veil and blesses the people on his right (K 59; TQT 21): on west, south, east & north. The (4) prostrations and 12 kissings (4x3, centre & 2 sides) of the celebrant represent our Lord’s washing and kissing the feet of 12 Apostles (K-RE 63). This ceremoy is interpreted variously (J Vellian, Raza, p.90f). Other ministers too come & stand by the bema and sing together (33.7). All bow & kiss the bema-veil, to say farewell to bema.
33.7 Uhabh lan Zabhne damalen Shaina: dnaude unesgod wanshanbah
laShmak ranba uqandisha: bkol ‘endanin. (K 60; B.270).
And grant us peaceful days, that we may confess, adore, glorify your great and holy Name at all times (3 times?).
33.8A.Alaha Mare-kol nehawe ‘am kollan... (K 61; B.271; K-RE 62f).
P. May God, the Lord of all, be with us all, and in us all,
by his grace and mercy, for ever. Amen. (TR 21; TQT 29).
33.8B. May God, the Lord of all, bestow his abundant mercy upon us
and stay with us, for ever. Amen. (TQ 22; RE 35/28).
33.8C. May our Lord Jesus Christ be with us all
in his grace and mercy, for ever, Amen. (B.270).
Note: All stand up and kiss the edge of paina of the Priest; he gives cross and gospel to the Deacons and blesses them (n.33.9); Deacons place them on altar in the sanctuary (K 59).
33.9 Alaha mare-kol n-qanbel Teshmestkon... (K 60).
P. May God, the Lord of all, receive your ministry,
and adorn you with all gifts of his goodness. R. Amen.
Note: These prayers (n.33.1-9) came after Dismissal (n.34) in old Raza (K.59); Creed (n.40) was said (K 61) before Onitha d-Raze-2 (n.37).
34. N’EZAL: DISMISSAL of the unworthy (catechumens): (K 59).
(Deacons standing at the door of Qanke-sanctuary alternate:)
34.1 Whoever has not received Baptism, may go out!
34.2 Whoever has not received the Sign of life, may go out!
34.3 Whoever does not receive It (Eucharist), may go out!
34.4 Listeners, you go and watch the doors (of the church)!
34.5 Let us pray; peace be with us (K 59). (cf n.35.5).
35. SIAMIDA: Imposition of Hands: On Sundays and Feastdays:
(J 103r; K.58; V 223; TQ 16f; TR 17; TQT 19f; K-RE 61f; RE 31/26):
35.1 Marya ‘Alaha Hayalthana... (M.4r; QS 16; TQQ 5; TK 12):
Lord, God Almighty, yours is the holy catholic Church: the sheep of your flock, which was redeemed by the great suffering of your Christ; and by the grace of the Holy Spirit, who is consubstantial with your glorious divinity, the grades (orders) of the imposition of the hands of the true priesthood are given (conferred). In your mercy, O my Lord, you have made us, who are little and of weak nature, worthy to be the recognised members in the great body of the Holy Church, and to minister spiritual helps to the (souls of the) faithful. Yourself therefore, perfect in us your grace, O Lord, and pour forth your gifts through our hands; may your mercy and the kindness of your divinity be upon us and upon this people whom you have chosen for yourself.
(Priest stands erect and says (n.35.2) in loud voice):
35.2 Uhabh lan Mar baHananak... (K 58f; TR 18; TQ17f).
And grant us, O my Lord, in your kindness, that we may, all of us together and in concord, all the days of our life, please your divinity by good works of justice, which appease and reconcile the glorious will of your Mercy (Majesty); and that we may be made worthy by the help of your grace to offer you praise and honour, thanksgiving and worship, at all times: Lord of all,
Father, Son and Holy Spirit, for ever.
R. Amen.
Note: In Simple Qurbana on weekdays, this prayer (n.35.2) may be added to n.32.1, and omit n.33-35.
35.5 Dismissal of the unworthy (n.34) was here (QS 17; TR 18):
Now let those who are baptized and sealed with the sign of life, remain (stay) to participate in the holy mysteries, with devout attention (RE 32/26).
‘ONIAThA D-RAZE: ANTHEMS OF MYSTERIES
36. ONIThA D-RAZE-1: Solemn Approach of Priest to Sanctuary. Priest intones the ‘Onitha and makes 3 mattonya towards the altar:
36A.1 Kahanayk nelbshun Zandikutha uZandiqaik Shubhha: (K 59).
Your priests shall put on justice, and your just ones glory;
Kahanama-d‘a’el qdam Mad-bah Qud-sha
*The priest, on coming before the altar of holiness,
‘Idav dakhya‘ith pashett laShmaya wam-zamen l-Ruha
extends his hands in purity to heaven and invokes the Spirit;
Unahta min Rauma wam-qadsha Pagare waDme daMishiha.
and She descends from above and sanctifies the Body and Blood of Christ* (= *Priest*). (P. prostrates-1st mattonya).
(In Menesian Mass this prayer comes after consecration: LM 318).
36.2 Ne’ol l-Mashkane unesgod l-Kubhsha d-Reglav: Kahana ma...
We will enter his tent and adore his footstool; (K 59).
*The priest... and Blood of Christ (2nd mattonya).
36.3 Shubhha l‘Abha ulaBhra wal-Ruha d-Qudsha: Kahana ma-d‘a’el...
Glory be...; *The priest... and Blood of Christ (3rd mattonya).
36.4 Min ‘alam... From age to age... *Priest* (omit 4th mattonya)
Note: Rozian Taksa (1774) says: “Standing the Priest intones the hymn: “Your priests shall vest themselves”, and he prostrates three times to the sanctuary...” (J.Vellian, Raza, p.90).
Ruha is feminine (K.59; TR 66 & 86); so “She” is used in n.36.1 (n.57.6.2.4 & 58.7.2.4). Greek text of creed says: “He was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary”. So Ruha was used as masculine for Holy Spirit in Greek and Latin, in Syriac too.
Menesian Mass put it after consecration and changed the wording: Priest... to heaven and consecrates the Body and Blood of Christ (M.6v).
Deacons welcome Priest at the door of Qanke, ask forblessing, and give him water to wash his hands (before Creed: K 61).
36.5 ‘Alaha Mare-kol n-shig... (K.61; TQ 18; TQT 29; QS 19; V.226).
May God the Lord of all, wash away the sordes of our debts band sins by the hyssop of his kindness and may he cleanse the stains of our corruptions in the immense ocean of his mercy. Amen. (K-RE 65). (Priest washes his hands).
36.6 Marya n-kapar Shuhta... (TQ 19; V.226; QS 19; K 61; K-RE 66).
May the Lord wipe away the stains of our sins by his grace and mercy. Amen. (Priest dries his hands).
36.7 Kad r-sisin... (=39.7; TQ 20f in Raza) is said before Creed;
Profession of faith (n.40) is made here (K 61) in Simple Qurbana.
37. ONITHA D’RAZE-2: Anthem of Mysteries/ Sanctuary: of the Day:
(M.3; QS 17; K 61; K-RE 66; V.224; TQ 18; TR 19 = NR 4; SM 3)
37A. Subhara-1st Sunday: (NR 4; SM 3; TQ 18; RE 35/29):
37A.1: M-sambaru sabareth b-Marya (2): (Ps.40:1; 22:25; 143:15):
Firmly have I trusted in the Lord:
Pagare daMishiha waDme yaqira ‘al Mad-bah Qud-sha:
The Body of Christ and his precious Blood are on the holy altar
B-Dehaltha wabhRehamtha kollan nethqarebh le:
Let us all approach him with reverence and love;
U’am Mala‘ke n-yanbebh le qandish qandish qandish Marya ‘Alaha.
and sing his praises with the angels; holy, holy, holy, Lord God.
37A.2: Ne‘khlun Meskene unesb’un: Ps.22:25. Pagare daMishiha...
The poor shall eat and be satisfied (Ps.22:25):
The Body of Christ... holy, Lord God.
(The following stanzas are omitted in Simple Qurbana):
37A.3: Tubhau l’ama d-hakana ‘ith le (Ps.143:15): Pagare daMishiha...
Blessed is the people who has such things: The Body of Christ...
37A.4: Dsurta: Verse from the Bible (Eph 1:7):
Haw dbhe ‘ith lan Purqana uShubhqana daHattahe: Pagare daMishiha
In whom we have redemption and remission of sins: The Body of...
D. Let us pray; peace be with us.
38. MASQA D’RAZE: Mysteries are taken to and set on the altar.
38.1 Deacon: Let us pray; peace be us.
38.2 Priest: We will offer praise (glory) to your glorious Name (Trinity), at all time, for ever.
Deacon: Amen.
38.3A. May Christ who was sacrificed for our salvation, and commanded us to celebrate the memory of his passion and death, burial and resurrection, accept this sacrifice from our hands by his grace and mercy, for ever. Amen.
Note: Priest takes paten in his left hand and chalice in his right, and the hands are crossed and raised during this prayer, and so they are brought down and placed on the altar: paten on his right and chalice on his left side: during the next prayer (n.38.4).
38.3B. Raze qandishe... (TQT 23) in Sauma-Fast:
The holy Mysteries that were perfected for our salvation, be the cause of remission of debts of people who receive them by the grace and mercy of Christ, for ever. Amen.
38.4 Mettsimin (3)...: Priest saying it thrice strikes the base of the chalice with paten (V 225):
These glorious and holy, life-giving and divine mysteries are set and arranged on the holy altar of Christ, until his glorious second coming from heaven; and to him be praise and thanksgiving, worship and honour, now and always, + and for ever and ever. Deacon: Amen.
Note: Chaldean prayer begins with “By your command...” and adds “of our Lord” (TR 20; TQT 23f), while Nazrani’s prayer omits both these additions, and it goes well in 3rd person. Priest places on the altar-stone the Mysteries, by making a cross with them over it, and coversthem with Shoshapa.
38.5 Priest covering the Mysteries with Shoshapa says (M.3v):
You are covered with light as with a vestament, and you extended the heaven as courtyard; now and always, and for ever and ever. Amen.
39. ONITHA D’RAZE-3: Shubh-ha l‘Abha... ‘al Mad-bah Qud-sha...
39.1 Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Spirit of Holiness.
Upon the sacred altar let there be the memory (honour)
of Virgin Mary (Mart Maryam), Mother of Christ.
39.2 From age to age, for ever and for ever, Amen and Amen.
Apostles of the Son, and friends of the Only-begotten,
pray that there be tranquility in all creatures (peace in the world).
39.3 Let the whole people say: Amen and Amen.
Upon the sacred altar let there be* the memory of
(*your memory, our Father: TQQ 7; TR 20; TK 12; TQT 24)
in company with the just who have gained victory (triumphed)
and the martyrs who have been crowned.
39.4 The mighty God is with us; our King is with us; (angels are)
our angel (God) is with us; our helper is the God of Jacob.
39.5 The little in company with the great:
Behold! All the dead have fallen in the hope of you,
that you would raise them up in glory
through your glorious resurrection.
39.6 Pour forth your hearts before him:
By fasting, prayer and contrition of heart we shall appease
Christ and his Father and his Spirit.
Note: Chaldean Taksa that omits the name of Marthoma in n.39.3, omits also n.39.4 & 6, and 1st line of n.39.5 (TQQ 7; TR 20; TK 12; TQT 24). Our angel (M.3v); angels (QS 18); our God (TQ 20) is with us (n.39.4).
39.7 Kad r-zizin... (n.36.7) before Creed (TQ 20f; TQT 26):
Having our hearts washed clean from evil thoughts, may we be made worthy to enter the holy of holies, and to stand before your altar in purity and devotion, diligence and holiness, and to offer you spiritual and rational sacrifices in true faith.
40. M-HAYMANINAN... We believe...
Note: CREED comes after the Dismissal (K 61); between Gospel and Entrance (n.42) in Menesian Mass (M.4v; LM 307); after Gospel in Rozian Qurbana(QS 14; V.218). Liturgy is the celebration of faith; Creed is necessary in all Qurbana. “Creed may be omitted... (Dir.n.16)
40.1 We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, [Creator of heaven and earth and] Maker of all things visible and invisible.
40.2 And in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, and the first-born (bukhra) of all creatures; He was not made (created) but born of His Father before all ages, (as) light from light, true God from true God, of one nature (consonsubstantial) with His Father: by His hands the worlds were formed and all things were created. For the sake of us (humans) and for our salvation He came down from heaven, and was incarnate of the Holy Spirit, and became man, and was conceived and born of the Virgin Mary, and suffered and was crucified in the days of Pontius Pilate, died and was buried but on the third day He rose alive as it is written, and ascended into heaven and sat (sits) at the right hand of His Father, and He is to come again to judge the dead and the quick (living).
40.3 And (we believe) in one Spirit, the Giver of life (life-giving Spirit), the Spirit of Holiness and (the Spirit) of Truth, Who proceeds from the Father.
40.4 And in one Church, holy and apostolic, called Catholic (universal).
40.5 We acknowledge (confess /profess) one baptism for the remission of sins, and (expect) the resurrection of (human) bodies, and the life everlasting. Amen.
(TK 16: Priest washes hands, asks prayer).
41. KAROZUTHA: Commemoration of the deceased & Intercession:
41.1 Priest blesses Deacons (V.226; TQT 31; TQ 22; B.271):
41.1A. May God, the Lord of all, strengthen you to sing his praises.
Deacon: Let us pray; peace be with us.
41.2 Salaw al Dukhrana dAbhahain... (QS 55; V 264; TQ 22; K-RE 69f).
Let us pray for the memory of all our Fathers Patriarchs, [Catholicoi, Metropolitans] and Bishops, of all prieriests and deacons, of unmarried youths (young men) and virgins, of all our parents and brothers [and sisters], of all our sons and daughters, of all the faithful kings (rulers), that love Christ, and of all those who have departed from this world in true faith, of all prophets and apostles, and of all martyrs and confessors of this place and of all other places: that God may crown them at the resurrection from the dead, and grant us with them good hope and share (portion) and life and inheritance in the kingdom of heaven (QS 55; V.264; K-RE 71; B.271f; TQT 30f; change in TQ 22).
41.3 Barek-mar. Unethqanbel Qurbana hana... And may this Qurbana (oblation) be graciously accepted and sanctified by the word of God: the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, and may it be unto us, by the grace of Christ, for help and salvation and life everlasting in the kingdom of heaven (B.272; TQT 31; QS 55; TQ 22 V.264; K-RE 71).
41.4. When Deacon says: Barek-mar (41.3), Priest says (in reply):
P. Halap kolhon d-hayin wadmithin... (TQQ 10; TQT 35; TQ 22):
For all the living and the dead is this Qurbana offered. May it be accepted from my sinfulness before the awful Bema (seat/ tribunal) of your (Majesty) Greatness, our Lord, with (open face) benigncy (B.273; TQT 35).
41.5. When Deacon finishes Karozutha, Priest blesses him:
P. Mishiha nashar Mellaik... (TQQ 10; TQT 36; B.273; TK-E 23):
May Christ confirm your words and accept the fruits of your lips, and remit the debts and sins of all those who listen to you.
————————————————————————————————-
42. SLOTHA D-MATTONYA: Prayer of Prostration (M 4v; LM 308; QS 19)
————————————————————————————————-
RAZA-2 ANAPHORA (n.42-56) & 2Q -of Theodore (n.57) 30-10-99.
GIGhLA - 1 OF QUDAShE - 2 & 3
p.48 First Cycle of 2nd & 3rd Anaphopras:
(TR 54 & 68; TK 60 & 77; TQT 109 & 139)
Note: Preparation for the Anaphora (B 271; TQT 29) proper that begins with the Pauline salutation (CO 20:104), has approach to altar with 3 mattonyas or prostrations (J 103v), exchange of peace, etc. Priest turns his face to altar and offers 3 mattonyas (genuflections) and at each mattonya he advances to the altar, while whispering the prayer (TQT 31). The prayer before the altar (n.45) is said like Gehanta, but without extending the arms towards altar. The supplicating prayer (n.42) was said thrice (TK-E 21-23; QS 19-20); prayer is requested thrice (n.43).
42. SLOThA D-MATTONYA: Prayer of Prostration (M 4v; LM 308; /QS 19):
42A Shubhha lakh Meshkhana... of BarSauma (TQQ 9; TR 22; TQT 32; M 4v):
Glory to you, the Finder of the lost; glory to you, the Gatherer of the dispersed; glory to you, who bring near those afar; glory to you who turn the erring (wanderers) back to the knowledge of the truth. Glory to you, O my Lord, who called me, even frail me, by your grace, and brought me near to you by your compassion, and set me as a known member of (in) the great body of your holy catholic Church, that I may offer before you this living, holy and acceptable sacrifice/ which is a memorial of the passion and death, burial and resurrection of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ: *in whom you were well pleased, and reconciled to forgive the sins of all mankind (repeat) in whom... mankind (TK-E 21).
Note: The Priest, when he comes near supplicating, prostrates himself until he reaches the altar. Then he prostrates himself (worships), rises and kisses the middle; then he prostrates him-self, rises and kisses the right (end) horn; then he prostrates himself, rises and kisses the left (end) horn. Then he prostrates himself, rises and kisses the centre, right and left sides; he requests prayers many times for God’s mercy to offer, from the priests in the sanctuary and the people in the nave (see n.43).
42B-1Q: Maudena lak... (QS 19; V.226): Priest kisses altar & says:
(60.2): I give you thanks, my Father (God), the Lord of heaven and earth (Father, Son and Holy Spirit)* (repeat) I give you thanks.. Because, while I was a sinner, you made me worthy by your grace to offer in your presence these glorious, holy, life-giving and divine Mysteries of the Body and Blood of your Christ, that I may dispense to your people and the sheep of your flock, the remission of their debts and forgiveness of their sins, and the salvation of their souls and the reconciliation of the whole world *and the peace and tranquility of all the Churches (repeat) *and the peace... Churches (K-RE 70).
Note: This Kushapa (n.42B) is said after the Anaphora (n.60.2) to be ready for signing and breaking the Bukhra (TQQ 21; TR 36; TK 36; TQT 65; CO 20:101); J & M omits it. QS & V do not mention of Mattonyas, preceding Entrance to altar. It is addressed to the Father; but it repeats Father, as it was made trinitarian.
3rd Qudasha exchanges Subha lak Meshkhana... (42A; TR 69; TQT 141) and Maudenan Maran w‘Alahan l‘Uthra... (45A; TR 68; TQT 139f). We combine 42A & 45A to form 42C & 45C for 3Q.
42C-3Q: Subha lak Meshkhana... (42A & 45A; TR 69):
58.1.1 Glory to you, O Finder of the lost; glory to you, O Gatherer of the dispersed; glory to you, who bring near those afar; glory to you who turn the erring (wanderers) back to the knowledge of of the truth. Glory to you, O my Lord, who called me, even frail me, by your grace, and brought me near to you by your compassion, and set me as a known member of (in) the great body of your holy catholic Church, that I may offer before you this living, holy and acceptable sacrifice: I impolore you to strengthen me *that I may, with perfect love and true faith, administer the gifts you have given to your people (repeat).
43. BA‘UTHA: Request for prayer (J.103v; M.5r; TQQ 9; TK 18; TR 23).
Note: Priest reaching altar, prostrates himself (worships), rises and kisses (the middle of the altar, also the right and left ends) the centre, right and left sides, and facing those on the right side, while inclining on (to) the left, prostrates himself towards them (on the right) saying: Barek-mar... Salau ‘alai... (QS 20; V.227; n.43.2). Priest prostrates..., inclining on the right, looking towards those on the left side, and deeply bowing to them, says: Barek-mar... Salau ‘alai... (n.43.3). Those on each side give proper reply; it may be omitted in Simple Qurbana (n.44.5). Priest..., prostrating himself towards the Deacon praying Barek-mar, nethqanbel Qurbana hana (n.41.3) says Halap kolhon d-hayyin wadmithin (n.41.4). Priest, prostrating himself towards the Deacon concluding Karozutha says: Mishiha nashar Mellaik (n.41.5). Triple request for prayer: before each Gehanta.
43.1 Priest asks prayers of Deacons (people) before Mattonyas in Simple Qurbana:
43.1.1. Barek-mar. Salau ‘alai Ahai (TQT 29): My brethren, pray for me!
43.1.2. Mishiha neshma’ Slawathak... (TQT 30):
May Christ listen to your prayers. May he be pleased with your supplications; may he accept your Qurbana by the grace of his mercy, for ever. Amen. (TK-E 19; cf n.44.5).
43.2 Priest requests prayers of those on north-right, upper side:
43.2A.1 Barek-mar! Salau alai ‘Abhahai w‘Ahai uRanbanai... (J.103v):
Bless my Lord! My Fathers and brothers and teachers (Raban), pray for me that God give me power and mediation to complete this liturgy (Teshmeshta-service) which is offered to him; may this Qurbana be accepted from my hands, frail-weak as I am, for me, for you and for the whole holy catholic Church by his grace and mercy, for ever. Amen.
43.2A.2 Mishiha neshma’ Slawathak... (J.103v):
May Christ hear your prayers and be pleased with your sacrifice (Debh-hatha), and may he accept your oblation (Qurbana) and make your priesthood (splendid) glorious, and may he grant us through your intercession remission of our debts and forgiveness of our sins by his grace and mercy for ever. Amen.
43.2B.1 Benedicite Domini mei... (M.5r; LM 308):
Bless my lords, and pray for me, my Fathers, my brothers and my teachers, that this offering (oblatio) may be consecrated through my hands!
43.2B.2 Christus exaudiat orationes tuas... (M.5r; LM 309f):
May Christ hear your prayers and accept your oblation, and make your priesthood splendid, and be pleasing to you in this sacrifice which you offer (for the whole world, from the smallest to the greatest): for you, for us, and for the universal catholic Church, and for all the orthodox, and practioners of catholic and apostolic faith through the grace and your ‘loves’ for ever. Amen
43.3 Priest requests prayers of those on south-left, lower side:
43.3A.1: Barek-mar! Salau alai, ‘Ahai uHanbibhai: d‘eshtwe... (TQQ 9).
Bless, my Lord! My brothers and my beloved ones, pray for me, that I be accounted worthy to offer before Christ our Lord this living and holy sacrifice for me, and for the whole catholic Church by the grace of your mercy, for ever. Amen. (TK-E 22; TQT 34f).
43.3A.2: ‘Alaha Mare-kol nestt-bhe b-Debh-hathak... (TQQ 10):
May God the Lord of all be well pleased with your sacrifice and receive your offering which you offer for us and for yourself by his grace and mercy, for ever. Amen. (B.273; TK-E 22; TQT 35).
43.3B.1 Barek-mar. ‘Ahai! sallau ‘alai dneshtamale Qurbana hana min ‘idai (TQQ 9; V 227; TQT 33; TQ 23; B.272f; K-RE 71):
My brethren, pray for me that this Qurbana (offering) may be completed through (accomplished at) my hands.
43.3B.2 ‘Alaha Mare-kol n-hailak l-megmar sebhyane... (TQQ 9; B.272; TQT 33f; TQ 23):
May God the Lord of all strengthen you to perform his will and accept your oblation. May he be pleased with the sacrifice you offer for us, for your-self and for the whole world, through the goodness of his mercy, for ever. Amen (TK-E 22).
44. Kushapa: ‘En Maran w’Alahan...(TQQ 10; B.273; TQT 36f; TQ 24):
57.1.2 (Priest supplicatingly says it (during Karozutha) in a low voice)
58.1.2 Our Lord and our God,* (repeat) look not upon the multitude of our sins nor let your Majesty despise us for the burden of our evil deeds, but by your ineffable grace sanctify this sacrifice and impart through it strength and sufficiency (virtue and power) to blot out our many sins; so that when you are revealed, Our Lord Jesus Christ, at the end of times in the humanity which you assumed from us, we may find in your presence grace and mercy and be made worthy to sing your praises with the hosts of the elect.
44.5 BA‘UThA: Request for prayer: It is used in Simple Qurbana: 44.5.1 Barek-mar! Ahai sallau ‘alai (d-neshtamale Qurbana hana min ‘idai) (TQQ 9; V 227; TQT 33; TQ 23; B.272f; K-RE 71):
My brethren, pray for me (that this Qurbana (offering) may be completed through (accomplished at) my hands).
x (Correct: exchange 44.5.2 A & B prayers).
44.5.2A ‘Alaha Mare-kol n-hailak l-megmar Sebhyane... (TQQ 9; B.272; TQT 33f; TQ 23):
May God the Lord of all, in the excess of his everlasting mercy, strengthen you to fulfil his will, accept your offering (Qurbana) and be well pleased with your sacrifice (Debh-hatha) for us and for you and for the (four corners of the) whole world by the grace of his kindness, for ever. Amen.
44.5.2B Mishiha neshma Slawathak... (LM 309; V.231; TQT 39;TR 54):
May Christ hear your prayer, accept your Qurbana, exalt your priesthood in the kingdom of heaven, and be pleased with this sacrifice which you offer for yourself, for us and for the whole world, which looks forward and hopes for his grace and mercy, for ever. Amen (TK-E 25).
QUDAShA DAShLIHE TUBhANE:
Anaphora of the Blessed Apostles
Note: This Hallowing is used from Saturday of Qyamta to Subhara; on the memorias of saints, and of the departed, and on ordinary days. After Synod of Diamper SMC uses it always. When the Karozutha (n.41) is concluded, Priest rises and kisses the altar, and recites (n.45) Gehanta (Prayer of Inclining: said with bowed head and in a low voice), without stretching forth his hands before the altar (TQQ 10). It is the custom to prostrate before the altar at the beginning and at the end of every G’hanta, to repeat the beginning and ending of Gehanta in Syriac, and also to extend arms towards altar, while it is recited. Priest stands about one cubit away from the altar, bows his head as low as to his knees, keeps the arms equally distant, recites in a low voice audible to those in the Qanke (Sanctuary), not to those in Haikla and at the end of all Gehanta kisses the middle of the altar (TK-E 24f).
45. Slotha daqdam Mad-baha (J.104r; TK 60; TQT 109):
Gehanta without extending arms towards altar (TQQ 10).
45.A-1Q: Maudenan Maran w’Alahan.... (QS 20; V.228; TQ 24):
Our Lord and our God, we thank you for the abundant graces you have showered on us* (repeat). For, though we are sinful and weak, you have made us worthy through your mercy to be ministers of the Body and Blood of your Christ. We impolore you to strengthen us *that we may, with perfect love and true faith, administer the gifts you have given us (repeat).
(Priest kisses the altar; as he says the qanona, makes the sign of the cross upon himself, and raises his voice at wal’lam ‘almin (TK-E 26).
Qanona-1Q: Unaseq lak Teshbohta... (TQ 25):
We offer you praise and honour, worship and thanksgiving, now and always, + for ever and ever.
R. Amen.
45.B-2Q: Marya Alaha Hayelthana... (TR 55; TQT 109f):
57.1.3 O Lord God Almighty, holding everything* (repeat), You alone are eternal (infinite), the Cause and Maker of all creatures; O Glorious King, You have done great things (that are) incomprehensible, glorious, exalted and inexpressible (unspeakable). In Your wonderful and awesome dispensation which Your only Begotten (Son) our Lord Jesus Christ accomplished through our humanity, You have wrought for 2us the restoration (renovation) of the new life, and given us the pledge of the Holy Spirit in our hearts (2Cor 5:5). And, although we are unworthy, You have made us worthy, by your grace, of the knowledge of these glorious and holy Mysteries, so that we may not only approach (offer) and perform them but also receive and partake of them (in communion). O my Lord, look not on our insufficiency and our frailty but in your loving kindness and overflowing mercies fill us with the grace of the Holy Spirit that, standing before You with a pure conscience and offering You this living, holy, acceptable and bloodless sacrifice, *we may find grace and mercies before You (repeat).
Qanona-2Q: ‘Am kolhon... (TR 55; TQT 111):
With all those who from the beginning have been well-pleasing to You, by the grace and mercies of Your only Begotten (Son), let us lift up (we will offer) glory and honour, thanks-giving and adoration, to You and to Him and to the Holy Spirit: now and always + and for ever and ever.
R. Amen.
45.C-3Q: Maudenan Maran w‘Alahan l‘Uthra... (45A & 42A; TR 68).
58.1.3 Our Lord and our God, we thank you for the abundant graces you have showered on us* (repeat). For, though we are sinful and weak, you have made us worthy through your mercy to be ministers of the Body and Blood of your Christ // which is the memorial of the passion and death, burial and resurrection of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ *in whom You are well-pleased and reconciled to forgive sins of all humankind (repeat).
Qanona-3Q: Dlakh Alaha Abha... (TR 69; TQT 142):
Let us lift up (we will offer) glory and honour, thanks-giving and adoration, to You, O God, Father of Truth, and to Your only Begotten (Son), our Lord Jesus Christ, and to Your living, holy and life-giving Spirit: now and always + and for ever and ever.
R. Amen.
46. ShLAMA: PEACE: (RE 42/35).
46.1 Shlama ‘amakhon: Peace be with you.
46.2 U’amak ‘am Ruhak: And with you, and with your spirit.
46.3 Habh Shlama...: Brothers, give peace to one another in the love of Christ (Jn 13:34f).
Note: On ordinary days, peace is given at the end: n.47.3 (B 281).
47. SPARHAYE U-MITHE =DIPTYCHS: On Sundays and Feasts: (RE 42/35).
47.1 Diptychs-1: D-1 (right) reads the book of the living (B 275).
Let us pray; Peace be with us:
01 Let us pray and beseech of God the Lord of all, for the peace of the holy catholic Church here and in every country; R. Amen.
02 Let us pray also for the welfare of our holy Fathers Mar (Name) Catholicos and Patriarch, and Mar (Name) Bishop and Metropolitan;
also for [all] our Fathers the bishops who are in this life;
R. Amen.
03 Let us pray also for the presbyters and deacons, subdeacons and readers, monks and laymen, the faithful men and women, young men and maidens, orphans and widows, who walk in this world with a good name and in seemly conversation; R. Amen.
04 Let us pray for the peace of kings and governors of this world also for those who are in affliction and persecution for the sake of God; and also for the peace of the holy catholic church in all the world: that God in his compassion visit all divisions of it with those things which help soul and body by his grace and mercy world without end.
R. Amen. (B 275).
47.2 Diptychs-2: D-2 (left) reads the book of the dead (B 275ff).
Let us pray; peace be with us: Wahalap kolkhon Patriarche...
01 Let us pray and beseech the God the Lord of all: that this oblation be accepted for all the just and righteous Fathers who were wellpleasing in his sight: R. Amen.
02 Let us pray also for the memorial of Adam, Abel, Seth, Enosh, Noah and Sem, and all the just:
-and of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph and all the faithful;
-and of Melchisedek, Aaron, and Zacharias, and all priests;
-and of Moses, Samuel, David, and Nathan, and all prophets;
03 Let us pray also for the memorial of Martha Maryam, the holy virgin who bore Christ our Lord and our Saviour;
-and of John the Baptist, the herald of Christ, our Saviour;
-and of Peter and Paul, Mathew and Mark, Luke and John;
-and of [Mar Thoma, the Apostle of India] and all the apostles; -and of Stephen the first born of the martyrs and of all confessors;
04 Let us pray for the memorial of Mar addai and Mar Mari, the apostles who were the converters of the eastern region;
-and of Simon, Shahdost, B‘arb‘ashmin, Babhai, Abha, and Isho‘-yahb, Catholikoi and martyrs;
05 Let us pray for ... Catholikoi patriarchs who have departed from the eastern region;
-and for our holy Fathers, the 318 Bishops who were assembled at the city of
-and for ... bishops and metropolitans who have departed from this country; (B 277).
-and for our holy fathers ... bishops who have departed from this holy see; ... ... ... (B 278).
06 Let us pray for the memorial of Ignatius, Polycarp, Athanasius Eusthathius, Meletius, Flavian, Ambrose, Gregory, Basil, Gregory, Diodore, Joannes (Chrysostom), Theodore, Nestoris, Alexander, and Meletius, bishops and martyrs (B 279);
07 Let us pray for the memorial of of Yulyani, Ephrem, Narsay, Abraham, John, and Michael, presbyters and doctors;
-and of our blessed father mar Gabriel, the founder of the High Monastery and its holy school, the mother of virtues;
-and of our blessed father mar Abraham, the interpreter of the divine scriptures and of Piyon, Moses, James, and Ishurachmith, presbyters and doctors;
08 Let us pray for the memorial of ... hermits and strangers who were famous for comely and edifying conversation;
-and of the illustrius athletes and glorious anchorets ... and all their just and righteous companions (B 279).
09 Also for ... mar rabban Bar‘itta the sun of saints and of his faithful sister Chanahishu,
-and of Mar Sergius, bacchus, George, Cyriac, Pithyon, Mar Sabha, Isho‘sabhran, and Yuchana, the poor woman and her two sons, famous martyrs;
-and of Mar Sabharisho‘... Rabban Pransi and Joseph, Abraham, and all their companions, founders of the godly congregation of the monastery of Beth Qoqa;
-and of the holy martyrs and instructed athletes, the sons of Gregory, who are laid in this blessed village;
-and of mar John Daylomaya who built 2 monasteries of Syrians;
10 Also for the memorial of... mar George the holy martyr...
-and of rabban Sabha and the sons of Shmoni who are laid in this blessed village;
-and of mar John the holy martyr... and of rabban Joseph his brother who are laid in this village; B 280.
11 And for the memorial of Constantine the victorious king, and of Helena his faithful mother, and of Constantine, Constans, Jovian, Theodosius, Becey, Naaman and Morqui victorious kings;
12 Also for the memorial of the martyrs and renowned among athletes, the raisers of monasteries and churches, and givers of gifts and alms, the sustainers of orphans and widows, the amir Mathew and amir Mas‘od bey who were killed by the people of the Ishmaelites and laid in this village;
-and of the illustrious among athletes and providers of churches and monasteries, generous in alms, guardians of orphans and widows, the amir Mathew and amir Hassan and amir Nijmaldin who departed in this village;
13 Also for the memorial of all faithful and Christloving kings;
-and of Aaron head of the scribes who gave alms and did good deeds in the holy Church;
-and of all presbyters and deacons and scholars who have departed from this church;
-and of all those who in a true faith departed from this world, of whom our Lord [alone] knows the names, that ‘Elohim crown them in the resurrection of the dead. R. Amen.
R. And may our Lord make us all to partake with them in his grace and mercy, for ever, Amen.
47.3 Wahalap kolkon Patriarche... V.229; TQ 27f; RE 42\35.
D-1 And for all Patriarchs [Catholicoi, Metropolitans] and Bishops, priests and deacons, and the whole company that departed (by death) from the community of the Church; for our life and the peace of the world; for the crown (seasons) of the year, that we may be blessed and perfected by your grace; for the entire progeny of the Church, that it may be worthy to receive this Qurbana (offering) before you; for all your servants (male & female), who stand before you at this time; and for all of them and for all of us, let this Qurbana be accepted, for ever, Amen.
Note: It concludes diptychs (Mp. Anaphora... p.36; CO 20:101).
48. KAROZUThA: Nawde unebh‘e... & ‘Ira‘ith wahapitta‘ith...:
(M 5r; LM 311; QS 55f; V 264; TQ 26; TQT 43 & 45):
48.1. Let us all confess, beg and beseech the Lord in purity and groaning (contrition). Stand up fairly and behold those things that are performed: the fearful Mysteries are being hallowed. The Priest (Pontiff- for Bishop or Metropolitan) has drawn near to pray that by his mediation peace may be increased in you. Cast down your eyes and lift up your thoughts to heaven (RE 43/36).
Note: Priest removes Shoshapa from the Mysteries and puts it around the chalice and paten, and Deacon says: Vigilantly... etc.
48.2. Vigilantly and earnestly (pray) request and beseech at this time; and let no one dare to speak; let him who prays, pray in his heart. Be (stand) in silence and with reverence and pray. Peace be with us (RE 43/36).
49. KUShAPA: Marya ‘Alaha Hayalthana... & Dashwitai Mar...:
(J 104v; M 5r; QS 22; V 229; TQ 26; TQT 44f):
49.1. Lord God Almighty,* (repeat) in your mercy help in my weakness, and by the help of your grace make me worthy to offer before you this living and holy sacrifice, for the benefit (help) of the whole congregation and for the praise of your blessed Trinity: Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever (RE 43f/36f).
Note: After this Kushapa of Mar Narsai, Priest stands up from kneeling, raises Shoshapa (Chalice-veil), folds and puts it around the Mysteries (before incensing), saying n.49.2 (TK-E 28).
49.2. O Lord, by your grace you made me worthy of your Body and Blood; make me worthy of good appearance before you on the day of judgement. Amen (RE 44/37).
49.5 SLOThA D-BhESME: Prayer for Incense: (TQT 45-47; TR 26-27):
49.5A. B-Mura Mar u’Elwai d-Nicademos... (TQT 45):
O Lord! on the day of your burial, your holy body was (anointed) embalmed with myrrh and aloes (spice) of Nicodemus; by these spices, we too, your worshippers, incense your buried body, as if with that embalming; by your grace, therefore, may they be blessed and sanctified, may they perfect the Mystery and bring remission of our debts and sins; may it like a sweet smell please you, your Father and your Holy Spirit: now and at all times, for ever and ever. D. Amen.
49.5B. BaShma sgida... (TQT 46):
May these spices be blessed, which we offer for your honour and for our remission, in the adorable and praise-worthy name of the Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness in the blessed Trinity.
49.6. Nebhsam lak Maran... (TQT 46f):Prayer at incensing altar:
May this fragrant smoke be pleasing to you, our Lord and God, which we offer to you before your holy altar inside your glorious temple. Let it be for the joy of your holy Name and for the remission of your servants and of your flock: Father, Son and Spirit of Holiness, for ever. D. Amen.
49.7 Mishiha n-hailak... (TQT 47): Priest blesses the Deacon who gave the thurible: May Christ enable you to do his Will for ever.
———————————————————————————————————
[1] Vatican Syriac Codex 22, fol.93v; J.Vellian, Syro-Malabar Liturgy, Vol. I: Raza, p.4.
[2] Raza, p.6-11
[3] Vellian, Raza, p.16-24. Pk-CIL= Pathikulangara, Chaldeo-Indian Liturgy, Vol.I, p.52f. P-TC = Podipara, Thomas Christians, p.148f and 207f.
[6] V. Pathikulangara, Qurbana, Ktm 1998 100-110, 137-148, 151-265.
[10] JEH 5 (London 1954) 16-24, 48-72.
[11] Macomber, OCP 32 (1966) 358-71.
[12] OC 41 (Lepzig 1957) 102-24.
[13] Anaphora of the Apostles, Addai and Mari, 1980, p.12.
[14] *Anaphora and Post-Anaphora of Syro-Malabar Qurbana, Kottayam 1984,
by T. Mannooramparambil; Christian Orient, 20:97-108.
*The Memorial Celebration, Kottayam 1989, by T. Elevanal MCBS
*Qurbana (Commentary), Mannanam 1953, by Fabian TOCD; and his
*Shlihanmarude (Apostles’) Qurbana, Changanachery 1954.
*Qurbana, Kottayam 1998, by V. Pathikulangara a CMI.
*Syro-Malabar Liturgy, Vol.I: Raza, The Most Solemn Qurbana, by J. Vellian.
[15] P-HMC 42f; 54f; 116f; 193-99.
[16] T.Puthiakunnel, Jewish Colonies in India... in OCA 186 (Rome 1970), p.187-91.
[17] JTS 30 (London 1929) 23-32.
[18] JEH 5 (London 1954) 16-24 and 48-72.
[19] Macomber, OCP 32 (1966) 358-7.
[20] OC 41 (Lepzig 1957) 102-24.
[21] B.D. Spinks, Anaphora of the Apostles, Addai and Mari, 1980, p.12.
[23] P-HMC 42f; 54f; 116f; 193-99.
[24] Church of TC of India by Karotemprel, p.44.
[25] Sultan Shahin, “Faith Stealers: Shourie’s missionaries...” India Today, 17 Jan. 2000, p.74.
[26] G.Quispel, Vigiliae Christianae (=VC), 22 (1968) 81-93.
[27] VD 13/2:12-15; 13/3:22f; 13/5:31-36; 18/4:11-16.
[28] Vishwanath Vaidyanath in The Times of India, 18-5-99, p.12.
[29] K R Shankar, The Times of Inidia, 12-9-99, p.12.
[30] Pk-CIL 1:2.
[31] Nazrani 6/2:3f.
[32] Pk-Q 43f.
[33] Congr.for Clergy, 19-3-99.
[34] Fr Robert Matheus, CO 20:83-90.
[35] W. Siebel, cited in CO 20:91.
[36] Cf Dukrana 19/7: 15-18.
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